BIRTH OF A NATION

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Foundations of Representative Government 1. Ancient Greece to the Renaissance a. Democracy b. Roman Republic c. Feudal system-Middle Ages 2. Magna Carta-1215 and Parliament a. Limited Government b. English Bill of Rights

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3. Enlightenment a. John Locke-Natural Rights (Life, Liberty, Property) and the Social Contract b. Montesquieu-Separation of powers

4. Tensions within Colonial Governments 1. Governor appointed by King 2. Colonial Legislature elected by the colonies

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The American Revolution 1. Causes of the Revolution a. Mercantilism-Balance of Trade b. French and Indian War-1754-1763 1. Dispute over land in the upper Ohio River valley.

2. France and their Indian allies against the British and American colonists 3. Benjamin Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union.

4. Impact of French and Indian War a. French and Indians lose big b. Americans lose respect for British Military C. Great Britain’s problems after the war.

2. Tensions Rise Between Great Britain and the Colonies a. Writs of Assistance-Search Warrants b. Proclamation of 1763 c. Quartering Act d. Stamp Act- “No Taxation Without Representation” Boycott e. Townshend Acts f. Boston Massacre-March 5, 1770

3. The Revolutionary Cause a. Boston Tea Party-1773 b. Intolerable (Coercive) Acts c. First Continental Congress d. Lexington and Concord-April 1775

e. Second Continental Congress f. Thomas Paine’s

Common Sense

4. The War for Independence a. Advantages and disadvantages-Strategy b. Battle of Bunker Hill c. George Washington d. New York to Trenton-Crossing the Delaware

5. Northern War a. Saratoga 1777-Convinced France to enter into an alliance with the patriots.

b. Winter at Valley Forge

6. Southern War a. Tories b. General Cornwallis C. Francis Marion- “Swamp Fox” d. Battle of Cowpens- Gen. Daniel Morgan

e. Yorktown-October 1781 f. Treaty of Paris

7. Declaration of Independence-July 4, 1776 a. Committee b. Thomas Jefferson

c. French Revolution d. Impact through history

 Establishing a U.S. Government 1. Articles of Confederation-1781-1787 a. Weak national government on purpose no judicial or executive branch.

b. Shay’s Rebellion

2. The Constitutional Convention and Ratification a. 55 delegates representing 12 of the 13 states meet in Philadelphia May September, 1787.

b. James Madison-Virginia Plan: Larger States c. New Jersey Plan-Smaller States d. Great Compromise 1. House of Representatives 2. Senate 3. Congress

e. Three-fifths Compromise f. President g. Bill of Rights 3. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalist a. Federalists-Strong national government, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison b. Anti-Federalists-Stronger state gov’ts.

Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry c. Federalist Papers-Written by Hamilton and Madison in support of the new constitution.

 Hamilton, Jefferson, and the Emergence of Political Parties 1. Hamilton’s Economic Plan-1 st Secretary of Treasury.

a. Key Points-Take over state debts from war, whiskey tax, tariffs, and a national bank.

b. Thomas Jefferson’s Opposition c. Whiskey Rebellion

2. The Rise of Political Parties a. Washington’s Farewell Address: 1. Stay neutral and avoid alliances 2. Good government based on religion and morality.

3. Dangers of forming political parties.

b. Federalists: 1. Strong central government 2. Wanted power in the hands of the wealthy and well educated.

3. Loose interpretation of the constitution

c. Democratic-Republicans 1. States retain authority 2. Wanted power in the hands of the people 3. Strict interpretation of the constitution 3. Conflicts Between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans a. Naturalization Act b. Alien and Sedition Acts c. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions d. Doctrine of Nullification-States Rights