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The Clash of the Cabinet

Analyze the development of the two-party system during the presidency of George Washington, including controversies over

domestic and foreign policies and the regional interests of the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists.

http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet

NAME POSITION STATE Thomas Jefferson Sec. of State VA Alexander Hamilton Sec. of Treasury NY Henry Knox Edmund Randolph Sec. of War Atty. General MA VA

F EDERALISTS HAMILTON John Adams Strong CENTRAL Gov.

LOOSE

Construction YES VERY YES

The First Party System

Leaders R EPUBLICANS JEFFERSON James Madison Federalism States’ Rights

S TRICT

Construction Constitution Gov. Involvement in Economy National Bank NO NO YES YES Urban (Commerce) Protective Tariff Federal Assumption of State War Debts Supporters NO NO Rural (Agrarian)

“Those who labor in the earth are the chosen people of God, if ever he had a chosen people, whose breasts he has made his peculiar deposit for substantial and genuine virtue. It is the focus in which he keeps alive that sacred fire, which otherwise might escape from the face of the earth.” - Notes on the State of Virginia

AGRICULTURE Jefferson’s economic model depended on a

laissez-faire

policy of FREE TRADE between the U.S. and Europe.

MANUFACTURING CLICK HERE to read an excerpt from Jefferson’s Notes on the

State of Virginia.

US in

1789

Hamilton’s economic proposals pursued three goals: 1. Public Credit 2. National Bank 3. Domestic Manufacturing

Washington’s Farewell Address WARNINGS AGAINST: 1. Political Partisanship 2. Entangling Alliances

John Adams Thomas Jefferson

S E C T I I S M O N A L

1796

1800

Partisan Newspapers

Gazette of the United States

(Federalist)

National Gazette

(Republican)

tOOTHLESS old BLIND crippled Bald

Adams

Querulous

1798

1798 Federalists in Congress place restrictions on citizenship and POLITICAL SPEECH .

Was the Sedition Act constitutional?

From Amendment I: Congress shall make no law… abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press…

RESERVED

Kentucky Resolutions In questions of power, then, let no more be heard of confidence in man, but

bind him down…by the chains of the Constitution.

Jefferson to John Taylor of Caroline “A little patience, and we shall see the reign of witches pass over, their spells dissolve, and the people, recovering their true sight, restore their government to its true principles.”

I T O N R E V O L U

1796

1800

Parties in the U.S. Senate

Sixth and Seventh Congresses

25 20 5 0 15 10 1798 1800 Federalists Republicans Parties in the U.S. House