Transcript Launching a New Ship of State

Launching a New Ship
of State
Chapter 10
Essential Question?

What challenges
did the US face
under the
Washington and
Adams (Sr.)
administrations?
Washington’s Timeline
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1789: Constitution
formally goes into effect
Washington elected
president
1790: 1st Census
1791: Bill of Rights
adopted
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Vermont becomes 14th
state
Bank of US created
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1792: Washington
reelected
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1793: Washington’s
Neutrality Act
1794: Whiskey Rebellion
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Political parties created
Battle of Fallen Timbers
Jay’s Treaty
1795: Pinckney’s Treaty
1796: Washington’s
Farewell address
Growing Pains
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Constitution goes into effect 1789
George Washington inaugurated 1789
1st Census: 1790
90% Rural
New states: Vermont (1791), Kentucky
(1792), Tennessee (1796), Ohio (1803)
Western states separated by Appalachian
Mountains
Washington for President
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Only president to be unanimously elected
Strong character, deeply respected
1st capital: New York, NY
Created cabinet (not mentioned in
Constitution); executive department heads
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State Department = Thomas Jefferson
Treasury Dept.
= Alexander Hamilton
War Department = Henry Knox
Presidential Cabinet
Secretary of State
Secretary of the Treasury
Secretary of War
Thomas Jefferson
STATE
Alexander Hamilton
TREASURY
Henry Knox
WAR
The Bill of Rights
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States ratified the
Constitution believing
a Bill of Rights
would be added
James Madison
drafted 12
amendments, only 10
were ratified
Judiciary Act of
1789*
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Bill of Rights
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1st: Freedom of
speech, assembly,
press, religion, and
petition
2nd: Bear arms
3rd: No quartering
4th: Prohibits
unreasonable searches
and seizures
Hamilton Revives the Corpse of
Public Credit
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Alexander Hamilton wanted greatness
Treasury in debt to France for help during
Revolution ($54 million)
Convinced Congress to “assume” the
debts of the states ($21 million)
Hoped to “chain” the states to the federal
government
Virginia was not in debt, agreed when new
capital (DC) would be located near Virginia
Customs Duties and Excise Taxes
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Hamilton believed that a national debt
forced those who we owed $ to support
the federal government (how would they
get their $ unless we succeeded as a
nation?)
Sources of revenue: tariffs, excise tax on
whiskey
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Whiskey comes from corn; liquid easier to
transport than solid
Hamilton Battles Jefferson for a
Bank
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Hamilton wanted a strong central bank
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Stimulate domestic businesses
Provide paper currency
Jefferson opposed, believed that the
Constitution granted states banking power
1st sign of “strict” v. “loose” interpretation
of the Constitution
Hamilton won, Bank of US chartered,
1791
Mutinous Moonshiners in
Pennsylvania
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The excise tax on whiskey was not
welcomed by western farmers
In Pennsylvania, farmers started the
Whiskey Rebellion
President Washington raised a militia to
quash rebellion
Proved that the federal government could
back up its laws
The Emergence of Political Parties
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Hamilton v. Jefferson feud fueled first
political parties
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Hamilton’s followers believed in a strong
central government and a loose
interpretation of the Constitution
(Federalists)
Jefferson’s followers believed in strong states’
rights and a strict interpretation of the
Constitution (Democratic-Republicans)
The Impact of the French
Revolution
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Began as an effort to create a
constitutional monarchy in France
Inspired by the US Revolution and
Constitution
French King Louis XVI was beheaded
along with other aristocrats
Federalists, whom were mostly aristocrats,
feared a similar fate in the US
Washington’s Neutrality
Proclamation
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United Kingdom soon declares war on
France
Democrats favored allying with France
Washington, knowing that our young
nation was weak, wisely stayed away from
the war
Neutrality Proclamation of 1793
Embroilments with Britain
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UK controlled forts in modern day Midwest
UK supplied weapons to Indian Nations
lead by Little Turtle, who attacked
Americans on the frontier
1794 US General “Mad Anthony” Wayne
defeated Little Turtle at the Battle of
Fallen Timbers and signed a peace
treaty
UK’s navy impressed hundreds of US
sailors
Jay’s Treaty and Washington’s
Farewell
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Washington sent Chief
Justice Marshall to the UK
to negotiate.
Jay’s Treaty: UK pays
damages for seized ships,
US agreed to pay
revolutionary war debts.
Republicans unhappy
because southerners
would have to pay the
brunt of the debt
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Pinckney’s Treaty: with
Spain gave Americans
rights to navigate the
Mississippi River and gave
the US territory in
modern Alabama and MS
Washington set a
tradition by not seeking a
third term.
Warned against
“alliances” in his farewell
address
John Adams Becomes President
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Federalists knew Hamilton was unpopular,
so they ran Vice President John Adams
Republicans supported Thomas Jefferson
1796 elections: Adams = 71, Jefferson =
68
Adams was a master statesman, but not
very good with the public. Hamilton
worked behind the scenes to sabotage
Adams’ administration.
1796 Election Results
Adams’ Timeline
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1797: Adams becomes president
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XYZ Affair
1798: Alien and Sedition Acts
1798/99: Virginia and Kentucky
Resolutions
1798: Undeclared war with France
1800: Peace with France
Unofficial Fighting with France
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France saw Jay’s Treaty
as an alliance with UK
France seized US ships
Adams sent a negotiating
team to France, but 3
Frenchmen, known only
as X, Y, and Z, demanded
a bribe of $250,000 just
to negotiate (XYZ Affair)
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US expanded military,
prepared for war with
France.
US and France fought
limited battles at sea
Adams Puts Patriotism Above
Party
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Adams wisely avoids full war
By now France was controlled by
Napoleon, who offered to hold honest
peace negotiations
The Convention of 1800 saw France
pay the US for damages and officially
ended the Franco-American alliance
created during the US Revolution
Set the stage for the Louisiana Purchase
The Federalist Witch Hunt
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Federalists, fearing the
Republican Party, passed
the Alien Act (increased
the length of time
required for an immigrant
to become a citizen; most
immigrants became
Republicans)
Never enforced
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Sedition Acts: limited
freedoms of speech and
press (targeted
Republicans who spoke
out against Adams)
Many were thrown into
jail
The Alien and Sedition
Acts targeted pro-French
supporters (IE:
Democrats)
The Virginia and Kentucky
Resolutions
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Jefferson and Madison authored these
state laws in 1799.
Established the idea of nullification: if a
state believes a federal law to be
unconstitutional, then it refuses to follow
it.
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Extreme states’ rights view
Laid groundwork for Civil War (Secession)
Federalists V. DemocraticRepublicans
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Federalist preferred power to remain in
the hands of the elite
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Preferred a strong federal government
Led by Alexander Hamilton
Democratic-Republicans preferred to allow
commoners to have a say in government
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Preferred a weak federal government, strong
state governments
Led by Thomas Jefferson
Federalist v. DemocraticRepublicans
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Rule by elite
Hostile to extension
of democracy
Powerful federal gov.
Loose interpretation
of the Constitution
Protective tariff
Pro-UK
National debt = good
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Rule by informed
masses
Friendliness toward
extension of
democracy
Weak federal gov.,
strong state gov.
Strict interpretation of
the Constitution
Pro-French
Essential Question?

What challenges
did the US face
under the
Washington and
Adams (Sr.)
administrations?