Transcript The Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire and its
End
SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in
Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21st century.
a. Explain how European partitioning in Southwest Asia (Middle
East) after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire led to regional
conflict.
Beginnings
• The Ottoman Empire began in 1299 in
Turkey
• Osman a Turkish warrior was Muslim and
had followers called Ottomans.
• Osman conquered the last of the
Byzantines and the Ottoman Empire
began.
• Osman became the first Sultan
Growth
• By 1451 the Ottomans controlled much of
the Middle East.
• Constantinople was its capital and a
center of learning and culture.
• By 1500 they controlled the eastern
Mediterranean, Northern Africa, and parts
of Arabia.
Suleyman
• Suleyman ruled from
1520 to 1566 and
became known as the
greatest ottoman
ruler.
Decline
• After Suleyman’s death the empire began
to decline over the next 300 years.
• It would gain and lose territory over those
300 years.
• By the 20th century it was weak and
became known as the Sick man of
Europe.
The End
• During World War I the Ottomans sided
with the Central powers
– the wartime alliance of the German Empire,
the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman
Empire (Turkey) and the Kingdom of Bulgaria.
• The British overtook Jerusalem and
Baghdad from the Ottomans
• Arabia then followed and rose up against
the Ottoman rule
• By 1918 the empire collapsed
After WWI
• In 1920, the Treaty of Sevres split the
Ottoman territory up between the Allied or
Western powers.
• France was given Syria and Lebanon
• The British controlled Palestine and Iraq
• Turkey was independent.
Consequences
• Europeans did not consider nationalism
(the idea that countries are most
successful if the people who live there
share some common cultural, historic or
religious beliefs).
• As a result there has been a lot of conflict.
Question 1
• What led to the end of the Ottoman Empire at the
close of WWI?
a. The Ottomans were on the losing side of the war
along with Germany and other members of the central
powers.
b. The Empire spent too much money on buildings
and new roads and went bankrupt.
c. The people in the Empire were starving because a
long drought had ruined agriculture.
d. The Ottoman government was overthrown by a
revolt of factory workers who were unemployed when
the war ended
Question 2
• Who drew up the boundaries of the new
countries created from the Ottoman
Empire at the end of WWI?
a.
b.
c.
d.
United States
Ottoman rulers
European politicians
Middle Eastern governments