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TOWARDS A ‘GREEN REVOLUTION IN AFRICA’-GOVERNANCE AND POLICY PROCESSES 1 MAY 2008, Salzburg, Austria Lindiwe Majele Sibanda (CEO, FANRPAN) [email protected] Outline of Presentation Overview of Challenges and Key Issues-WHAT Making it Happen – Reforming Africa’s Governance and Policy Process- HOW Revisiting the Architecture of Policy DevelopmentFANRPAN MODEL & WHO DOES WHAT 2 Wanjiku’s Dream -2015 ●Land Owned - 1 hectare ●Crop diversity- from maize to staples & high values crops ●Productivity: Maize yield from 250kg to 2.5t/ha ●Inputs: from recycled seed to highbrids & fertilizer use: from 10 to 50% recommended levels • Implements: from hand hoe to full span of 4 donkeys, eventually 2 oxen 3 Wanjiku’s Question What will the African Green Revolution do for me? Governance and Policy Processes are about PEOPLEThe WHAT? The HOW? THE WHO? AFRICA’s Green Revolution must be about POOR PEOPLE and IMPROVED LIVELIHOODS How will the Green Revolution Policy and Governance processes help Wanjiku out of poverty? 4 AFRICAN HOPE & HYPE games? MILITARIZATION HIV/AIDS CORRUPTION FAMINE GREEN PRIVATIZATION REVOLUTION MINIMAL STATE HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE IMPUNITY WAR CORPORATE CONTROL LIBERALISATION WOMENS RIGHTS ABUSES CONDITIONALITY DEBT PATRONAGE ETHNICITY AFRICA: 1970-90s SCRUBBLE 70s-90s A TIME FOR– war of words in the colonies AFRICA: 1990s- Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPS) A TIME FOR SAPS- SNAKES AND LADDERS & Yo-Yo games Living in Interesting Times: 2003-2015 SUDOKU games- Business of numbers: 10% national budgets to agric sector; 6% annual growth for sector NEPAD CAADP- Africans driving an African agenda AFRICA sets TARGETS for AGRIC. Sector (Objective Verifiable Indicators-OVIs) Continental Commitments MDGs –vision 2015 2003 -NEPAD CAADP- 6% annual growth and 10% national budget for agriculture 2006- Abuja Declaration from 8 to 50kg fertilizer/ha 2007- AFRICA’S GREEN REVOLUTION launched- OVIs? 9 Governance Issue Where we are now Target- 2020? Macro economic Few African countries ranked in top Checks and balances prevent powerful actors 100 global investment destination from circumventing and ignoring established rules and principles Education Average of 4 yrs formal education for Improved use ICTs-Swaminathan Foundation adult males and less than 3 yrs for model, Village Information Centres adult females in sub-Saharan Africa Health services HIV/AIDS and malaria agricultural production reduce Better coordination of the agriculture and health agendas for improved productivity and welfare Access to Not yet a constitutional right in all Citizens be empowered to demand and use information countries information and exercise rights to hold governments to account Donor funding Dubious quality, short term, serves Better aligned, packaging, coordination an interests of the donor countries; delivery of donor funds benefits powerful domestic interest groups; wasted on overpriced goods services from donor countries 10 Policy Processes Issue Where we are now Medium term: 2010 Long term: 2020 Participation Selected advisors, trusted partisans, donors -Strengthen multistakeholder policy dialogue platforms at local level -Build trust between Gvt and CSOs Strong networks with space and capacity to engage Knowledge of the policy The elite, educated, process technocrats , economists participate Evidence and policy Unreliable data, options Weak infrastructure for data collection Weak analytical skills Invest in building capacity of ordinary citizens to participate CSOs participate and add value to policy processes Invest in longitudinal household surveys, production data, use local researchers to collect data Evidence is a public good and all citizens have access to information and voice Long term-proactive planning Aligned development agenda Policies and programmes aligned to common goal Knee jerk reaction 11 What does it take-Go for RED-Networks External Influences Political context Politics and Policymaking Campaigning, Lobbying Policy analysis, & research Media, Advocacy, Networking Scientific information exchange & validation Links Research, learning & thinking Evidence Source: The Rapid Framework. Research and Policy in Development Programme Briefing Paper No1, October 2004 12 “AGR” What does it take- CSOs Who What Ordinary Citizens Demilitarise and empower with evidence to strengthen advocacy and hold GVT to account Farmer Organisations Honest , credible leadership, set the agenda communicate issues National Research Organizations Relevance, Credibility, Consistency, North-South and South to South Partnerships Inter disciplinary and multi-disciplinary teams Longitudinal studies Private Sector (input suppliers, processors, wholesalers, retailers) Contribute to policy process in a transparent manner Women Empowerment, Have a voice and insist on being heard; Honest representation 13 CSO Influence on GVT Policies 14 “AGR’-What does it take- African Gvts? What Policy Processes Provide information, and space for CSO engagement Build the infrastructure to do policy analysis within and outside government- use local experts Policy Infrastructure Balance social protection and economic growth agenda Invest in data collection-household surveys to understand livelihoods Be responsive to present and future Needs Developing policies that safeguard the interest of local farmers Governance Accountability-transparent financial systems, peer review Create a conducive environment for investments protect property rights, peace and safety 15 Public Service Delivery-not monitored 16 Rule of Law 17 “AGR” -What does it take? Cont. Who RECs AU What Provide political leadership Align green revolution agenda to CAADP policy framework Strengthen technical and administrative capacity of RECs, promote regional integration Finance Increase funding for hardware- infrastructure for agriculture-energy, Institutions telecommunications, irrigation, roads (AfDB/WB/priv ate) Donors Obligation under the Paris Declaration – Support policy processes with funds and technical assistance Less on food and more on long term development programmes Support empowerment programs capacity building programs in totality Align to local priorities don’t divert the agenda CGIARs Work in partnership with and strengthen capacity of NARES Provide evidence to support policy development at regional level, Analyse impacts of policy options, Evaluate policy outcomes 18 Learning from Success and Failures Malawi Green Rev 2004-7 Zimbabwe Green Rev.1980-90 Previous Gvt – offered subsidy New Gvt with support from IMF abandons subsidies Presidents makes public announcement Gvt intensifies extension, input supply, hybrids, produce markets Gvt1990 abandons subsidies, private sec. active on input, but no link to value chain In 2000 Gvt re-introduces subsidies National budget includes subsidy Gov. controlled interventions Limited private sector involved Can we Sustain the Success Legitimatize the policy Collapse of the agric sector 19 Constitutional Checks 20 Including the Excluded-9 Step Participation Model Citizen control 8 Delegated power 7 Partnership 6 Placation 5 Consultation 4 Informing 3 Therapy 2 Manipulation 1 Citizen Power Tokenism Nonparticipation Sherry R. Arnstein. ‘A Ladder of Citizen Participation’ http://lithgow-schmidt.dk/sherry-arnstein/ladder-of-citizen-participation.html 21 Channels for Reaching the Excluded Local drama groups-theatre for community action Video, television, news print, radio Farmer field schools Posters, stickers and banners Local Indabas- Dialogues Structured Multi-stakeholder Networks 22 Policy Networks Invest in Regional and national multi-stakeholder networks Promote platforms for policy dialogue –African Oral Culture Sharing knowledge interact ion with policy makers Promote Innovation Systems Approach -Cultivate and promote interactions between research, knowledge use and policy development 23 What value will Policy networks bring? ● All inclusive multi-stakeholder platform -government, technocrats, farmers, private sector, consumers, journalists, politicians, technocrats ● Build credible dialogue platforms at local level use evidence to support policy development ● Facilitate linkages and partnerships between government and civil society , Linking policy supply to demand ● Partnerships for building the capacity for policy analysis - regionally, North-South, South-South 24 What value will Policy networks bring to GR ● Promote peer reviews ● Host high level policy events ● Capacity enhancement-collation of dispersed skills ● Platform for action research , knowledge production, documentation and articulation of own story, ● Identifying strategic issues to amplify ● Encourages solidarity with vulnerable groups without seeking to brand 25 Example from practiceFANRPAN Regional Policy Dialogues – 2001- 2007 YEAR Number of Delegates Stakeholders 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sep-07 23 35 105 51 125 46 81 155 Govt (Perm Secs), Researcher, Donors, Pvt Sector " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " plus CSOs " " plus CSOs, INGOs " " plus CSOs, INGOs, Parliamentarians " plus CSOs, INGOS, Parliamentarians, Journalists 26 Wanjiku’s CALL for Action ●Demystify Policy Processes ●Give me a VOICE ●Create Space & Political cover ●Provide Options & Means 27 Key Questions for a Uniquely African Green Revolution 1. How can we ensure that all stakeholders and particularly the vulnerable groups and ordinary citizens have a voice in policy processes? 2. What role can regional policy networks play to align policies and political processes to support pro-poor growth and Africa’s green revolution? 3. What information should African governments provide (key indicators) as evidence of commitment to pro-poor growth and African green revolution goals? 4. How can donors make development assistance to the green revolution more effective? 28 FANRPAN Regional Policy Dialogue, Lusaka Zambia THANK YOU 29