Transcript The Road to War

Unit 4: Lecture #4
The Great War
World War I
Causes, Events, Aftermath
Lecture Review Questions
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What were the elements that caused WWI?
How did WWI Start?
What 2 events brought the USA closer to war?
Why did the USA join the Allies in WWI?
What was the Convoy system and why was it important to
the Allies?
What impact did trench warfare have on troops?
What role did technology play in WWI?
Name 3 examples of how life changed in America during
the war.
What impact did the war have on Minorities & Women?
What were the important provisions in the Treaty of
Versailles and how did they impact Europe?
Why did the U.S. Congress oppose to U.S. membership in
the League of nations?
What were the MAIN Causes of
WWI?
►Militarism- building up of armed forces, getting ready for war.
►Alliances- agreements or promises to defend and help another
country.
►Imperialism- trying to build up an empire by dominating weaker
nations.
►Nationalism- having pride in your country and being willing to
defend it.
Map of Allied and Central Powers
United
States
ALLIED POWERS
Major Powers
► British Empire
(1914–1918)
► France (1914–1918)
► Italy (1914–1918)
► Russia (1914–1917)
► United States (1917–
1918)
CENTRAL POWERS
Major Powers
► Austria-Hungary
(1914–1918)
► Germany (1914–1918)
► Ottoman
Empire/Turkey (1914–
1918)
What event starts WWI?
►
Bosnia was a newly
acquired province in
the A-H Empire
 1914: Archduke
Ferdinand, heir to the
throne of the AustroHungarian Empire is
assassinated in Bosnia
►
►
Assassination ignites
the “Great War”
Assassin was Serbian
– Russia had strong
ties with Serbia
What series of events
unfolded to ignite the
Great War?
Serbia
kills Francis Ferdinand heir to the throne
Austria-Hungary
w/ Germany’s alliance
declares war on Serbia
Russia
USA
Great Britain
Is neutral, but is
trading with both
Great Britain &
Germany until…
Allied with France &
Belgium declares war on
Germany
defends Serbia and declares
war on Austria-Hungary
Germany
declares war on Russia
France
allied w/ Russia declares
war on Germany
Germany
declares war on
neutral Belgium
in order to invade
In what ways did the USA respond
to the war in Europe?
► Neutrality
 Propaganda published in
British papers swayed public
opinion to oppose Germany
 But the USA still helped
provide 10 billion dollars
worth of aid in Liberty
Bonds to help the Allies
► Preparedness
Movement
► Peace Movement
How was the USA drawn into the WWI?
► Unrestricted
► Sinking
Submarine Warfare
of the Lusitania
► Zimmermann Note
How did Americans Prepare to Fight
in WWI?
► Selective
Service Act
► Training for War
► The Convoy System
► American Soldiers in
Europe
What was it like fighting in the Great
War?
► “The
War to End All Wars”
► Trench
Warfare
► New Technology




Tank
Mustard Gas
Machine Gun
Air Plane
How did the U.S. Government pay
for the cost of the War?
► Big
Government
 Financing the
War
 Managing the
Economy
 Enforcing Loyalty
What impact did the war have on
Minorities & Women?
►
Women
 Many put aside fight
for women’s suffrage
to aid in war effort
 Filled men’s jobs
 Joined Red Cross
 Proved to Wilson they
could do the work of
men
►
19th
Amendment
ratified in 1920
►
African Americans
 W.E.B. Du Bois: “If this is
our country, this is our
war”
 Great Migration: great
movement from rural
South to industrial North
►
Mexican Americans
 Great movement north
into the U.S. from Mexico
to escape poverty
 Creation of barrios in
California
Ending the War: THE ALLIES WIN!
► Central
Powers collapsed one by one
► Armistice signed in November 1918
► Armistice: cease-fire
Paris Peace Conference
The “Big Four” at the Paris Peace Conference
►
►
►
►
►
“Big Four”
Paris Peace Conference, 1919
27 countries participated
Defeated powers were not invited
Six months to reach treaty agreement on Germany
Other treaties
What were the important provisions in the Treaty of
Versailles and how did they impact Europe?
President Wilson’s 14 points
► The League of Nations
► The Actual Treaty
►
 Redrawing the Map of Europe
 War Guilt Clause
 Reparations
How did American’s React to the
War?
► League
of Nations is Rejected
► America becomes largest Creditor Nation
► War time agencies shut down
► Big Business re-adjusts
Why did the U.S. Congress opposed to U.S.
membership in the League of nations?
►League
of Nations: an organization in
which the nations of the world would
join together to ensure security and
peace for all its members
 Congress felt it would weaken U.S.’s
independence
How did Re-drawing the European
Map Effect Europe?
o
o
9 new countries were to be created out of
Russian, German, and Austrian-Hungary
territory.
Borders were drawn w/ ethnic populations in
mind, but clean divisions were impossible and
new majorities and minorities spelled racial
tensions.
Post-War Europe
Map of Europe after World War I, 1919–1926
Second: Who gets what on the winners side?
► The
Ottoman Empire
in the Middle East is
carved up and reduced
to a fraction of what
the empire was as a
whole into a small
nation that is now
known as Turkey.
► Britain
got: Palestine,
Tran Jordon, and Iraq
► France got: Syria and
Lebanon.
Ottoman Empire
►
►
►
1908: Western-style
constitution
Surrendered
sovereignty for
German help
1914: German
influence in
Ottoman foreign
policy