Transcript Chapter 27 Causes and Effects of World War I 2008

Causes and Effects of World
War I
Causes of World War I - MANIA
M
ilitarism – policy of building up strong military
forces to prepare for war
A lliances - agreements between nations to aid and
protect one another
N ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country
I mperialism – when one country takes over another
country economically and politically
A ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
Causes of World War I
Balkan Powder Keg
Caution Explosive
Militarism
Blank Check Given
to Austria by
Germany
Arms race
Alliance
System
Nationalism
Imperialism
Assassination
1
9
1
4
Immediate Cause
The Assassination
At Sarajevo
Set off the
Powder Keg and
Started WWI
Causes of WWI
- Militarism
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great
Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions of £s (British pounds).
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914
94
130
154
268
289
398
France
Britain
Russia
Germany
1910-1914 Increase in
Defense Expenditures
10%
13%
39%
73%
Causes of WWI
Triple Entente:
Great Britain
France
Russia
- Alliances
Triple Alliance:
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Causes of WWI
- Nationalism
Causes of World War I:
Nationalism
 Aggressive Nationalism
 France and Germany
 Germany proud of military and Industrial
strength.
 French loss in Franco Prussia
War/revenge
 Recovery of lost provinces Alsace and
Lorraine
•
Balkans 1914
• Southeastern Europe
• East of Italy
• Dominated by the Austrian
Hungarian Empire
• Slavic Nations
•Russia felt the need to
protect the other Slavic
nations because of its size.
•Pan-Slavism - movement
to unify all of the Slavic
people. Trouble in Serbia with
Austrian Hungarian Empire.
Imperialism
• 1905 and 1911 Moroccan Crisis
• France and Germany almost to the brink
of war
• Morocco: France vs. Germany
• Britain sides with France/resents Germany
industrial strength.
• Britain and France develop closer ties.
• European nations taking over parts of the
Ottoman Empire.
Causes of WWI
- Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at
Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.
The Legacy of War
• 8.5 Million Killed
• 21 million wounded
• War Costs 338 billion, destroys towns, and
land in Europe and Russia
• disillusionment
Collapse of the Empires
• Breakup of Austrian Hungarian Empire
– Austria and Hungary become independent
nations
– Czechoslovakia & Yugoslavia were formed
– Italy and Romania gained land
Ottoman Empire Dissolved
• Turkey becomes independent
• Most of the Arab nations were put under
the control of Britain and France
• Mandates
• Russian and German Losses
• Other nations Formed: Poland, Finland,
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
The Treaty of Versailles: Major
Provisions
• League of Nations
• Territorial Losses/Germany returns Alsace
Lorraine; French Border extended to the Rhine;
Germany surrenders all of its overseas colonies
in Africa and the Pacific
• Military restrictions/limits size of German Army;
cannot build or import weapons, submarines,
airplanes
The Treaty of Versailles: War
Guilt
• Sole responsibility for the war placed on
Germany’s shoulders
• Germany forced to pay the Allies 33 Billion
in reparations over 30 years.
• Laid the ground work for WWII.
Bibliography
• http://www.mrberlin.com/8th/WWI/World_
War_I_causes.ppt#269.