Transcript TECHNICAL ISSUES

WATER MANAGEMENT
IMPROVEMENTS
FOR ROD-KOHI SYSTEMS
Engr. M. Zaheer-ul- Ikram
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE
NARC, ISLAMABAD
ROD-KOHI SYSTEMS
 Non-Perennial Floodwater
 Sulaiman Ranges of D.I.Khan, D.G.Khan, Barkhan,
Loralai and Zoab
 Kacchi Plain, Lasbela and Kharan Basin of
Balochistan
 Kirther Range of Jamshoro (Thana Boula Khan),
Dadu & Larkana
 Perennial Kalapani
 D.I.Khan, D.G.Khan, Zhob, Loralai, Kacchi Plain
Potential for Development
Province
Potential Potential
Area*
Water*
(MA)
(MAF)
Ratio of Water to
Area
(acre feet/acre)
Federal
NWFP
Punjab
Sindh
0.67
2.13
1.41
1.36
2.84
4.56
2.71
0.72
4.2
2.1
1.9
0.5
Balochistan
11.56
7.85
0.7
Total
17.13
18.68
1.1
* Mater Feasibility Studies for Flood Management of Hill-Torrents, NESPAK, 1998.
WHY ROD-KOHI
IMPORTANT?
Rod-Kohi helps for:
 Water Spreading
 Maintaining Soil Moisture
 Maintaining Soil Fertility
 Recharging Groundwater
 Sustainability of Kalapani
 Supporting Surface Cover and Natural
Vegetation
TECHNICAL ISSUES
 Inherent uncertainty and unpredictability
 Wet and dry years
 High risks and not equally distributed
 Active land formation - scour and siltation
 Silting of nullahs leading to flood hazards
 Inadequate and inappropriate diversion
 Inequity in distribution of share of water
 Tail-end water users - affected in both
extremes of flood and drought
SOCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
ISSUES
System deterioration
Water rights
Lack of institutional support to
water users
Lack of co-ordination among public
sector institutions
ECONOMIC ISSUES
Marginal returns
Difficulty in competing with alternative
sources of income
High failure rate of schemes built by
public sector
Insufficient provision for water storage
(domestic and stock water use)
Substantial investments required
R&D Activities
Water Distribution Structure
at D.I.Khan
Water Regulating Diversion Structure
at D.I.Khan
Water control , Diversion & Regulating
Structure at Main Stream
Water Distribution Structure
at D.I.Khan
Water Distribution Structure
at Barkhan
Water Distribution Structure
at Barkhan
Earthen Diversion Bund
at D.I.Khan
Plastic Lining at Critical Sections
Water Application
and
Drainage Structures
Irrigating the
Rod-Kohi field
Water Application and
Drainage Structure
Water Conveyance
Irrigation Systems
Remodeling of Rod-Kohi Tributary of
Nullah Gomal
Remodeled
Water Conveyance Irrigation System
Pipe-Flow
Irrigation
Systems
On Farmers’
Dugwells,
Barkhan
Plantation of Fruit Trees under
Pipe Flow Irrigation Systems
Water Bank and Lined Water Channel
at Mithawan Watershed
Water Diversion and Control Structures
with Earthen Improvement, Mithawan Watershed
Command Area
Development
Development of New Areas
at Mithawan Watershed
Conveyance
of Water in
Rugged
Mountainous
Terrain
Aqueduct coupled with pre-cast
parabolic Lining
Low Cost Lining of
Water Channel
Lining of Water Channels
LDPE Film Lining 250 Micron
4.5 inch Brick Lining Pre-casted Parabolic Lining
Water Harvesting
and
Check Dams
Earthen Water Storage Reservoir
at Mithawan Watershed
Earthen Ponds and Lining with
Plastic Films at Barkhan
Check Dam
Construction of Check Dam
at Mithawan Watershed
Eyebrow Terraces for Mazri &
Plantation of Forest Trees at Barkhan
Some failed interventions
Small Dam
constructed
by JICA for
initiating
Watershed
Management
in Mithanwan
Watershed – not
holding water
Water control/ distribution system
at Choti Balaa (Mithawan Dam) –
silted after 2 floods
Water control and distribution
system at Choti Bala
Water control and distribution
system at Choti Bala
OPTIONS
Managing Outflow at
Upstream
 Construction of storage dams at upstream
to induce groundwater recharge and
support watershed management activities
 Construction of check structures in
highlands to reduce the velocity of water
and trapping of silt
Reducing Existing Losses in
Conveyance Network & Crop Fields
 Improving the water conveyance system
 Construction of water distribution
system at the tertiary level
 Construction of field outlets
 Development of earthen ponds for
domestic and stockwater use
 Addressing land levels
Enhancing Productivity-I
Focus on pulses, fodders, wheat and
oilseeds
Research to breed cultivars which
extract water from deeper depths
Research to develop drought tolerant
fruit plants
Enhancing Productivity-II
 Research to develop low-cost drinking and
stock water use technologies
 Research to develop high efficiency irrigation
systems and high-value agriculture
 Reorienting Agriculture Extension for the
Rod-Kohi areas
Institutional
Rod-Kohi Development Authorities in all the
four provinces having disciplines of:
 Water
 Agriculture
 Forestry
 Education
 Health
 Livestock
Future Needs
 Coordination among the public sector institutions
 Catchment management strategies to control
sedimentation and reduce outflow.
 OFWM be given priority for diversion,
distribution and application of water as program.
 To create awareness among the civil society
groups and NGOs to highlight the importance
and potentiality of the area.
 Rod-Kohi irrigation be included in the
agricultural & engineering faculties curriculum.