Transcript Watershed Management

Watershed Management
institutional aspect
Land husbandry in dry prone area
Module 556
By Zeremariam G. Mosazghi
21/3/00
What is watershed
Watershed
Land area from which rainfall or snowmelt
drains into single water body
Indicates particularly for surface drain flow
small watershed < 60 km square
Watershed Management
holistic approach applied with in an
area defined by hydrological not
political, boundaries, integrating the
water process impact from both point
and non point sources.
“The
comprehensive development of basin so
as to make productive use of all its natural
resources, and also protect them” (FAO)
The rational utilisation of land and
water resources of watershed for
optimum production with minimum
hazard to natural resources” (Indian
national committee for IHP)
Watershed Approaches
Integrated development
Financing for implementing
Peoples’ participation
Effective organisation
Watershed management
A rational WSD management approach
to consider
Resources
Environment
Society
…and economic as a whole
Watershed management steps
•Information gathering
Data of
Service facilities such as extension org.,
Land
Rainfall,
Information
ownership,
Population
Topography,vegetation,
runoff,
ofcropping
and
existing
andlivestock
erosion
system,
waterproblems
land
statistics
sources
and
useyield
bank, market, etc
•Choose appropriate development components
involve people
•Organisational approach
•Costing and financing
•Aware politicians, decision makers and planers
•Implementation and co-ordination with other
agencies
Practices
Watershed management practice
•Restoring and protection forests
•Any soil and water conservation methods
(cover and barrier control methods)
•Macro water harvesting methods
•Every activity increase the productivity with
minimum damage to the ecology
Watershed management
Impacts
*Increase yield
•Crop, fodder, and water
•employment and subsidies
*Reduction
•Runoff and flood
Less soil erosion
*Externality
•Reduction Sedimentation &
surface water downstream
•Related effect
Problems
*Subsidies related
•Dependence
•Retarding SCWD of neighbour
*Water development
•Immigration of livestock and overgrazing
•Diseases
Solution
*Subsidies must be justified
•On detailed assessment of local of labour
and remittance off-season work
•Impact of the development should be clear
•Clear constitution in resource in utilisation
*Diseases
•Health activity launching
Conclusion
Sustainable watershed management is an approach that
appreciate peoples’ economic priority on their participation
*Institutionalising farmer led natural resource
planing and management
*Development options must generate from target group
and must be economically visible
*Plans should take in to account source of finance
*Grants must be based on national cost per unit area