Transcript Russia’s History - Reeths

Russia’s History
Czar “Ramanov Family” Rules Russia
Russia was becoming powerful and
the lives of serfs had not improved.
Russia was divided between two
groups; the very rich and the very
poor. Tensions between the two
groups began to rise drastically.
► 1855-1881 Alexander II
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-Wanted Russia to become more like European
nations.
-Freed the serfs and gave them their own land.
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1881-1894 Alexander III
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-Reversed many of his father’s reforms and the
country again came under harsh rule.
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1894-1917 Nicholas II
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-After a devastating defeat by the Japanese,
unrest grew among serfs and workers.
-Bloody Sunday 1/22/05: Thousand of workers
marched to the Winter Palace to request reforms
from the czar. The workers were met by troops
that fired into the crowds killing thousands.
-After Bloody Sunday Nicholas was forced to
agree to the “Duma”. The “Duma” was a
congress elected by the people. The Duma held
power along with czar until 1917.
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World War One
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1914-1919
War that was fought over
territory and alliances in
Europe.
Russia formed an alliance with
France, Britain, and the USA
2, 500, 000 Russians killed
Russia withdrew from the war
in 1917 due to its own civil war
at home. Russia was
economically devastated after
the war. Inflation soared,
people suffered severe food
shortages and reconstruction
costs were astronomical.
Russia was on the verge of
collapse. The Russian citizens
rioted. The czar Nicholas
Romanov was forced to
relinquish his power and a
weak democratic government
controls Russia.
Communist Principles Rule Russia
► 1917
Vladimir Lenin
overthrows the new
Russian democracy
and makes peace
with Germany.
► In order to heal the
deep split between
Russia’s rich and
poor, Lenin installs
a communist
government.
Russian Civil War
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1917-1922
Communists come to
power under Lenin.
War broke out between
the communists and
nationalists. The war
lasted for three years
and cost millions of
Russian lives.
The czar Nicholas
Romanov and his
family are murdered by
the Bolsheviks
(Communists).
USSR Formed
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1922 under Lenin
Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics
The USSR was made up of
Russia and smaller republics
under Russian control.
Lenin jailed or killed people
who opposed his communist
government.
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Poland, Romania,
Albania, East Germany,
Mongolia, Cuba, and
Vietnam were nations that
were ruled by the USSR.
Lenin dies in 1924
Josef Stalin Rules Russia
Rules from 1924-1953
Stalin is a harsh and cruel
dictator that supports
communist principles. He
controlled every aspect of
Soviet life and jailed or
executed anyone who
opposed him.
Stalin forced the serfs to
give their farm products to
the government and sent
millions of serfs to the
Siberian Labor camps where
millions died.
World War Two
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In 1939, Stalin signed a
pact with Germany to
not invade, Germany
invades anyway.
In 1941, Germany
invades the USSR and
millions die. Soviet
cities are destroyed.
The Soviets joined
forces with the Allies
and captured Berlin,
Germany in 1945.
Germany is defeated
and the Russians never
leave Eastern Europe
after the war.
Cold War
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The Cold War was a time of
great tension in the world.
Communist countries of
Eastern Europe and the
USSR formed an alliance
called the Warsaw
Countries.
The capitalist countries of
Western Europe and the
USA formed the alliance of
NATO Countries.
The two alliances competed
in an arms race of nuclear
weapons, a space race,
through education, and the
Olympics.
The Iron Curtain marked the
dividing line between
communism and capitalism.
Sputnik Launched
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The Cold War was a
time of great tension
and secrets. Both the
United States and the
USSR worked very hard
to secure their
countries.
Both nations were very
fearful of spying and
nuclear attacks.
Sputnik was one of the
ten artificial orbiting
satellites launched by
the USSR that was
believed to be spying
on the USA.
Vietnam War
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1959-1975
Conflict was part of the
Cold War and was a
hidden war between
the USA and
USSR/China.
South Vietnam:
Capitalists
 USA Supported
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North Vietnam:
Vietcong (Communists)
 USSR/China Supported
Berlin Wall
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Berlin Wall was
built in 1961. It
divided Berlin,
Germany into the
East (Communism)
and the West
(Capitalism). This
wall split families
and friends for 28
years.
Cuban Missile Crisis
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1962
Communist Dictator Fidel
Castro rules Cuba with the
financial and military support
of the USSR.
The USA had long range nuclear
missiles that could strike all of
the USSR. The USSR was
unable to reach the USA with
their missiles.
The USSR devised a plan to set
up Soviet nuclear sites in Cuba
that could reach the USA.
Both nations were in the
highest state of readiness and
prepared to use nuclear
weapons to defend their
territory.
This crisis is the closest the
world has ever come to nuclear
war.
USSR Invades Afghanistan
1979-1989
USSR invades
Afghanistan in attempt
to install a communist
government.
► The United States
supported the Islamic
Fundamentalist
government (Taliban
and Bin Laden) that
opposed Soviet rule.
► Extension of the Cold
War
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Chernobyl
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1986 Ukraine
Worst nuclear reactor
disaster in history. The
explosion caused
radioactive material to
be released into the
atmosphere.
Hundreds suffered from
severe radiation
sickness, high cancer
rates and genetic
mutations were
common.
Chernobyl and near by
towns were all
evacuated.
Fall of Berlin Wall
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November 9th, 1989
East German
government opens its
borders to the West
and allows thousands
to pass freely through
the Berlin Wall.
November 10th, 1989:
East German troops
begin to dismantle the
Berlin Wall which
marked the end of
communism in Europe.
Break Up of the USSR
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1991
In economic ruin due to
military spending to
support the Cold War,
the USSR collapses.
Russia becomes
democratic and
embraces capitalism.
Former Russian
republics emerge as
free nations and hold
their own elections.
Communism is no
longer present in
Europe.