Transcript Origins of the Cold War - Alvarado's Classes

Origins of the Cold War
1945-1963
I. Origins
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Stalin refuses free elections
“Satelite” Nations
Violation of war conference agreements
USA, UK, France unify Germany
USSRkeep it weak.
March 1946, Churchill says, “Iron curtain
has descended across Europe.”
communism
II. Containment
1. Sec. of State Marshall, Dean Acheson,
George Kennan
2. Containment
3. Truman Doctrine—USA had a duty to
give $$ to help free nations under comm.
threat.
III. Marshall Plan
1. Truman needed to supply $$ to rebuild
Europe
2. $3 billion; over 4 yrs.
3. Rebuilding democratic govt’s
4. Help the region? Embarrass USSR?
5. Successregion entirely self-sufficient
IV. Berlin and the Warsaw Pact
1. Stalin wants no part of capitalismcuts
off E. Germ. from W.
2. Berlin Airlift
3. NATO
4. Warsaw Pact
Berlin and the Warsaw Pact
(cont’d)
5.
6.
7.
8.
One-up each otherarms race
1949—USSR tests A-bomb
1952—USA tests hydrogen bomb
1,000 stronger than “Fat Man” and “Little
Boy”
V. National Security Act & NSC-68
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Nat. Sec. Act, 1947
D.O.D
National Sec. Council
CIA
NSC-68
1. Use of troops to achieve
containment
VI. Cold War: Asia
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chian Kai-shek
Mao Zedong
1949--China becomes communist
1950—Stalin + Mao= communist bloc
Korea
5. Korea
6. N.Koreacommunist
7. 1950-cross 38th parallel into S.
8. UN intervenes
9. USA declares “police action”not war
10. N.Korean advanced repelled
11. MacArthur pushes N.Korea to Chinese
border
Korea (cont’d)
12. UN pushed back across 38th parallel
13. MacArthur criticaldisobeys
Trumanremoved from command
14. 1953—Stalematestill divided at 38th
parallel…to this day
VII. Ike and Kennedy
1. 1952—Ike elected pres. (Nixon VP)
2. Sec. of State—John Foster Dulles
1. Brinkmanship—nuclear war
2. Massive retaliation—USA would unleash
nukes if threatened.
3. Smaller countries?
VIII. U2, Bay of Pigs, Cuban
Missile Crisis
1. 1958—U2 spy plane (recon.) shot down
2. Since 1955, USA spying on USSR
3. Khrushchev, andry. calls off 1960
meeting
Bay of Pigs
4. 1959—Castro takes control
5. Nationalizes US businesses—land
reform
6. USA cuts off dipl.rel.Castro looks to
USSR
7. Ike approves plan to invade Cuba; but
dies
Bay of Pigs
8. 1961—JFK pres. agrees to invade Cuba
9. CIA, w/bad intelligence, used exiles to
overthrow Castro
10. Failure and embarrassment
11. Krushchev wants USA out of Berlin
12. JFK refuses
13. Berlin Wall
Cuban Missile Crisis
14. October 1962-Spy planes see nukes in
Cuba
15. Threat goes from 30min. to 30sec.
16. JFK orders missiles removed
17. USSR; Castro say no
18. JFK orders naval blockade of Cuba
19. “Red Phone”—hot line for USA and
USSR for emergencies.
Cuban Missile Crisis (cont’d)
20. Dulles “new look”, no good
21. JFK, “flexible response” for communists
22. Conventional tactics
23. Special Operations
1. Green Berets
IX. Second Red Scare
1. House Un-American Activities
Committee(HUAC)
2. Fear, paranoia
3. Alger Hiss5 yrs.
4. Julius & Ethel Rosenbergdeath
Second Red Scare (cont’d)
5. Sen. (R)Joseph McCarthy
6. McCarthyism
7. Communist “witch hunt”
X. Americans & the Cold War
1. Fear of Hitler/Tojofear of nuclear war
2. Americans need
protection
3. Sputnik, 1957
Americans & the Cold War (cont’d)
4. 1958, Ike creates NASA
5. National Highway Act, 1956
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Interstate freeways
42,000 miles
Quick evacuation
Emergency landing
Transport missiles
Americans & the Cold War (cont’d)
6. Ike warns of the “military-industrial
complex”nation driven by needs of the
arms race & war machine