Transcript Old Soldiers Just Fade Away

Chapter 20
IKE, JFK & LBJ
Old Soldiers Just
Fade Away
Ike Round 2
1956-1960
Wins 457-73
Versus Stevenson
But the Republicans
LOST BOTH HOUSES
Ike Legislation
• Anti-labor
• Worried about growth of military spending
• Eisenhower Doctrine used in Middle East to stop
Communism, but then
• Cuba Falls
• Vietnam question arises
• Good Neighbor Policy = Marshall Plan for S.
America.
• Can’t run again b/c of 22nd Amendment
JFK challenges Nixon
1960
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JFK
Roman Catholic
14 years in Congress
Young
Articulate
Did well in Solid South
and Urban areas
Blacks now vote
Democrat
LBJ and Daley voted
dead people to win
Texas and Illinois
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Nixon
Ike didn’t like his own VP
VP
Kitchen Debates against
Commie leader
Khrushchev
Tough on commies
Did well in West
KENNEDY WINS CLOSE ELECTION
THE KENNEDY MYSTIQUE
• The first family
fascinated the
American public
• For example, after
learning that JFK could
read 1,600 words a
minute, thousands
enrolled in speedreading courses
• Jackie, too, captivated
the nation with her eye
for fashion and culture
• Marilyn Monroe
• Marilyn Manson
• Charles Manson
1950’s
• Peace
• Progress
• Prosperity
1960’s
• Population Boom
• Protest
• Prosperity
The “decades”
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1945 – 1965 = “the 50’s” (Conformity?)
1965 – 1973 = “the 60’s” (Counter-Culture?)
1974 – 1990 = “the 80’s” (Yippies to Yuppies)
1991 - ????
JFK— Camelot – New Frontier??
Positives ATTEMPTS!!!
• Best and Brightest in Cabinet
– McNamara quit as CEO of
Ford to be Sec. of Defense
– Bobby Kennedy was Attorney
general
• NASA
• Trade Expansion Act cut
tariffs by 50%
• Alliance For Progress: L.A.
Marshall Plan
• Limited Test Ban Treaty: stop
testing Nukes in atmosphere
• BOBBY sends Marshalls to
protect Freedom Riders.
• Peace Corps
Negatives
• Caved in to Dixiecrats
• Faced crippling inflation rates
– Slashed taxes
• Berlin Wall went up
• “Proxy” Wars in:
– Laos
– Congo
– Vietnam (advisors)
• “Flexible Response” = Special
Forces like the Green Berets
• Massive Increase in military
spending
• Bay of Pigs
• Cuban Missile Crisis
Bay of Pigs
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Designed by Ike’s people
Cuban refugees in US would attack Cuba
US would support them by air
Cuban peasants would arise, overthrow Fidel
and welcome US return to power
• Everything goes wrong
• JFK does NOT support rebels
• Rebels captured and rat out US involvement
Cuban Missile Crisis
No doubt what these are
UN asks US and USSR to meet
under a cease fire
• Khrushchev says Yes
• We say not until missiles are gone from
Cuba
But now What
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Missiles still in Cuba
If Khrushchev backs down—he is at best
merely fired
What to offer for no missiles in Cuba?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Promise to NEVER attack Cuba
Threaten Nuclear Armageddon.
Give up US Jupiter ICBMs in Turkey??
Recognition of Cuba
Recognition of Communist China
What will it take?
Main Results
• Worry about crisis mentality
– Hot Line Installed
– Limited test Ban Treaty
CRISIS OVER
BERLIN
• In 1961, Berlin,
Germany was a city
in great turmoil
• In the 11 years since
the Berlin Airlift,
almost 3 million
East Germans
(Soviet side) had
fled into West Berlin
(U.S. controlled) to
flee communist rule
The Berlin Wall
1961
Ich Bin Ein Berliner
1987
JFK’s New Frontier
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20% increase in military spending
Increased minimum wage
Aid to failing urban ghettos
Peace Corps
Alliance for Progress (Latin American aid
in repayment for supporting US during the
Cuban Missile Crisis?)
• NO CIVIL RIGHTS legislation!!!!!
• NASA: “To the moon.” Or was it for this…
2,000 nuclear warheads = destroy
1/3 of the world’s population
1946 – 9
1950 – 400
1956 – 2,207
1960 – 3,471
1970 – 7,176
1980 – 18,088
1988 – 23,444
LEE HARVEY OSWALD
CHARGED; SHOT TO DEATH
• A 24-year-old Marine
with a suspicious past
left a palm print on the
rifle used to kill JFK
• He was charged and as
a national television
audience watched his
transfer from one jail
to another, nightclub
owner Jack Ruby
broke through the
crowd and shot
Oswald to death
Jack Ruby, right, shoots Oswald,
center, to death 11/24/63
JFK LAID TO REST
• All work stopped for
Kennedy’s funeral as
America mourned its
fallen leader
• The assassination and
the televised funeral
became historic events
• Controversy over the
Warren Court verdict
still abound
Three-year old John Kennedy
Jr. salutes his father’s coffin
during the funeral
LBJ 1964 Election
LBJ
• Great Society
– “War on Poverty”
– Community Action Program
– Civil Rights Act 1964
• Title IX of CRA
– Equal Opportunity Act
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Barry Goldwater
• “In your Heart You Know
he’s Right”
• “In you Guts you know
he’s Nuts”
EEOC
Job Corps
VISTA
Head Start
Expanded Soc. Sec.
Medicaid
Medicare
HUD
24th amendment
CORE
DAISY
AD
KKK
Ad
LBJ easily defeats Goldwater in ‘64
Volunteers In Service To America
SUPREME COURT
REFORMS SOCIETY,
TOO
Warren
• Reform and change
were not limited to the
Executive and
Legislative branches
• The Judicial Branch led
by the Supreme Court
and Chief Justice Earl
Warren did much to
protect individual rights
WARREN COURT AND
SUSPECT’S RIGHTS
• In Mapp v. Ohio (1961) the
Supreme Court ruled that
illegally seized evidence
could not be used in court
• In Escobedo v. Illinois the
court ruled that the accused
has the right to have an
attorney present when
questioned by police
• In Miranda v. Arizona the
court ruled that all suspects
must be read their rights
before questioning
IMPACT OF GREAT SOCIETY
• The Great Society and the Warren Court changed the
United States
• No president in Post-WWII era extended the power
and reach of the federal government more than LBJ
• The War on Poverty helped, the Civil Rights initiative
made a difference and the massive tax cuts spurred
the economy
Did LBJ do more than FDRE
and Teddy put together?
Square Deal and New Deal
CCC: jobs to 20 year old males
to work on forestry projects,
sent ¾ of $ home to parents to
increase demand and keep
young men out of trouble
Differences
And
Similarities
Great Society
Young white
males
targeted, but
VISTA was
voluntary and
designed to
help mostly
urban areas.
VISTA: Volunteers in Service
to America: Middle Class
youth (mostly young white
males) gave 1 year of service
to help impoverished areas of
America improve community
health, education, businesses,
etc.