Transcript Slide 1

U.S. History Unit 5:
The Beginning of the Cold War
1945-1960
THE BIG IDEA
After WWII, the U.S. strongly opposed communism around the world and
here at home. This opposition led to fear and war.
I. What was it about?
A. USSR vs. U.S. - 45 yr “war of words”
1. Democracy (D) vs. Communism (C)
B. How are D and C different?
1. Economy
a) D –all have a chance to
succeed or fail (capitalism)
b) D– laissez-faire
c) C-- gov’t controlled economy
d) C – protects all from failure
e) C – the goal: a CLASSLESS
society
f) C – profit, competition rejected
II. How did the Cold War start?
A. 1945 - What to do with Germany?
1. G divided into 4 zones
a) US, Fr, Br, and USSR
2. Berlin divided same way
B. The Berlin Airlift
1. 1948 - USSR blocks traffic into W.
Berlin
2. U.S. planes dropped 400,000 tons of
supplies into W. Berlin
3. 1949 – USSR ends blockade
The Berlin Airlift
C. 1946 - Iron Curtain Divides Europe
1. USSR wanted protection
2. influenced neighboring countries
to become communist
D. Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech
“A shadow has fallen upon the scenes lighted by the Allied victory.
Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its communists intend
to do in the future or what are the limits, if any to their explosive
tendencies. I believe an “iron curtain” has descended across Europe.”
~ Winston Churchill, 1946
III. The Truman Doctrine: Containment
A. Goal: Stop the spread of communism
“I believe that it must be the policy of the U.S. to support freedom. I believe
that our help should be primarily through economic aid which can
help bring stability and order.” ~ President Truman, 1947
1. The Marshall Plan
a) $13.4 billion to 17 European
countries rebuilding after WWII
b) much $$ to Greece, Turkey
“The United States contributed $341,000,000,000 toward winning
World War II. This is an investment in world freedom and world
peace. The assistance that I am recommending for Greece and
Turkey amounts to little more than 1 tenth of 1 per cent of this
investment. It is only common sense that we should safeguard this
investment and make sure that it was not in vain.”
~ President Truman, 1947
B. The Korean War
1. Korea – controlled by J in WWII
2. 1946 - divided at 38th parallel
3. N.Korea- USSR (C)
4. S.Korea- U.S. (D)
5. 1949 – China becomes C
6. 1950 – N.Korea invades S.Korea
7. Truman asks for UN support of
S.Korea
8. UN peacekeepers, pushed to Pusan
Perimeter
9. US troops led by U.S. Gen. Douglas
MacArthur, land at Inchon, push
N.Korea back to 38th parallel
10. China helping the North?
11. MacArthur - advance into China
12. 1951 - Truman fires MacArthur
13.Truman orders retreat from N. Korea
14.1953 – armistice signed
15. 38th parallel still divides Korea
16. 37,000 U.S. deaths
17. Lesson learned: limited war =
containment of enemy
The Korean War Memorial,
Washington DC
IV.
The Cold War in the U.S.
A. Fear of C
1. Congress – not soft on C!
a) 1947 - House Un-American
Activities Committee (HUAC)
1) targeted C in Hollywood
2) 10 jailed for refusing to
testify – “Hollywood 10”
3) Hollywood movies
became controlled, diluted
2. The Joseph McCarthy Era (1952-54)
a) ran as “tough on C”
b) claimed he had a list of 205 C
in U.S. gov’t
c) blamed Sen. George Marshall for
China becoming C
d) lots of Newspapers sold!
e) other Congressmen joined
McCarthy
3. McCarthy’s Fall
a) Edward R. Murrow, journalist
b) Army Hearings –
McCarthy says Army lawyer is a C
“Until this moment Senator McCarthy, I think I never really gauged your cruelty or
your recklessness. I like to think that I am a gentleman, but your forgiveness
will have to come from someone other than me. You have done enough. Have
you non sense of decency sir? Have you no sense of decency?”
~ Joseph Welch, Army Lawyer
c) McCarthy slowly loses credibility
4. McCarthy’s Impact
a) fear of C grew
b) silenced critics of gov’t
c) controlled thought
http://www.youtu
be.com/watch?v=
X_uTbVfDtgI
U.S. History Unit 6:
The Cold War and Kennedy
1960-1963
THE BIG IDEA
John F. Kennedy’s presidency was inspiring to many and the Cold War
took a tense turn for the worse.
I. The Cold War Around the World
A. Nuclear Arms Race begins
1. 1948 – USSR has nuclear weapons
2. 1954 - Hydrogen bomb tested
B. 1957 - USSR Launches Sputnik
1.USSR wins the “space race”
2. Americans panic
3. Pres. Eisenhower NASA and Sci
Ed funding
C. 1960 - Kennedy Elected President
1. JFK narrowly defeats Nixon
a) “Camelot”
- JFK + Jackie are
stylish, classy,
“prince + princess”
b) JFK promises to “send
man to the moon”
- space exploration
begins, moon landing in
1969
D. 1961 -The Bay of Pigs Fiasco
1. JFK and CIA plan to assassinate
Fidel Castro (C leader
of Cuba)
2. Attempt fails - Castro’s
military defends him
3. JFK, CIA, U.S. embarrassed
“Duck and Cover!”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UVH8YRXsqo
E. The Berlin Crisis
1. 1961 – 200,000 E. Germans escaped from E.
Germany to W. Berlin
2. Aug 13 1961 – Berlin wall is built around W.
Berlin
“A wall is a lot better than a war.” John F. Kennedy
3. Kennedy pledges support of W. Berlin
“There are many people in the world who really
don’t understand…the great issue between the
free world and the communist world. Let them
come to Berlin. There are some who say that
communism is the wave of the future. Let them
come to Berlin. And there are some who say in
Europe and elsewhere we can work with the
communists. Let them come to Berlin.”
John F. Kennedy
“I am a Berliner” Speech
June 26, 1963
F. The Cuban Missile Crisis
1. 1962 - U.S. spy photos = USSR
nuclear missiles in Cuba,
Khrushchev confirms
2. JFK - naval blockade of Cuba
3. USSR and U.S. ships meet at Cuban
blockade line
4. Attorney Gen. Bobby Kennedy meets w/
USSR ambassador
5. Agreement Reached:
a) USSR will remove missiles if …
b) U.S. will stay out of Cuba,
and remove missiles in Turkey
c) USSR cannot publicize agreement
6. Effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis
a) closest ever to nuclear war
b) US/USSR hotline
c) US/USSR/Br sign Limited Nuclear Test
Ban Treaty – ends nuclear testing
F. JFK is Assassinated
1. Nov 22, 1963 – JFK makes campaign trip to
Dallas, TX
2. Warren Commission – Lee Harvey Oswald,
lone assassin
3. Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson
4. Oswald shot 2 days
later by Jack Ruby
5. JFK’s funeral live
on television
U.S. History Unit 9:
The End of the Cold War to Today
1975-2009
The Big Idea
With the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the Cold War ended and
the U.S. was seen as the world’s lone superpower. But on
September 11, 2001 terrorists struck the U.S. bringing new fear
and war.
I. 1976 - President Jimmy Carter
A. Cold War – calm but still exists
B. Troubles with Iran
1. Iranian Islamic Revolution
a) Iran becomes isolated
b) cuts off oil exports
c) Gas prices in U.S.
U.S. economy
d) American Embassy in Iran under
attack
e) 52 US hostages taken
f) Carter unable to solve crisis
g) Carter very unpopular
II. 1980 - President Ronald Reagan – Conservative
A. Reagan - Very Popular President
1. “The Great Communicator”
2. “Reaganomics”
a) Cut Taxes – mostly for wealthy
b) trickle-down theory
III. Reagan’s Plan to End the Cold War
A. 1984 – Pres. Reagan is re-elected
1) Largest landslide victory in U.S. history
B. 1984 -- Olympics
1) Los Angeles host – boycotted by USSR
C. Late 1980’s -- U.S. Winning the Cold War
1) USSR economy , U.S. economy
2) Pres. Reagan’s military spending
a) 1980 – $150 billion
b) 1988 – $300 billion
3) USSR couldn’t keep up w/spending
4) U.S. fell into debt
a)1980 – $80 billion in debt
b)1990 – $220 billion
D. Reagan and USSR Leader Mikhail Gorbachev
1) First positive relations b/t USSR and U.S.
leaders
2) Gorbachev agrees to allow some freedom
a) glasnost – some political freedom
b) perestroika – some economic freedom
IV. 1988 – Pres. George H.W. Bush - the Fall of USSR
A. Communism falls across E.Europe
1) 1989 –Poland, Czech, Romania, etc rebel,
democratic hold elections
2) Leader of E. Ger allows E. Berliners to move to W.
Berlin
3) Berlin Wall is torn down
4) 1990 – E and W Ger unify = dem gov’t
5) 1991 – USSR Republics hold elections, become
independent
6) USSR no longer exists –
Cold War Ends
V.
1991 - Pres. H.W. Bush – Persian Gulf War
A. Iraq attacks Kuwait
B. “Operation Desert Storm”
Saddam
1. Goal: to remove Iraq from Kuwait Hussein
2. total casualties: U.S. = 148, Iraq= 20,000
VI. 1992 – Pres. Bill Clinton – Success and Scandal
A. “Pax Americana” – peace and prosperity
1. Thriving Economy
2. Balanced U.S. Budget
3. Stock Market Success
STOCK MARKET
FEDERAL DEFICIT
B. Pres Clinton Impeachment Scandal
1) 1998 – Clinton impeached
by Congress for lying under
oath, obstruction of justice
2) intense polarization and
partisanship
3) not forced out of office
The Clinton Legacy
VII. 2000 Presidential Election
A. George W. Bush vs. Al Gore
1. Gore wins popular vote
2. Florida is disputed
3. Supreme Ct - Bush wins Florida by
537 votes
4. Bush wins electoral vote
Electoral Vote
Popular Vote
Bush
271
50,456,169
Gore
266
50,996,116
VIII. The War in Iraq
A. How did it start?
1. September 11, 2001 = fear
a) The War on Terrorism begins
b) War in Afghanistan – Taliban provided
safe harbor for Al-Queda + Osama Bin Laden
c) Iraq is suspicious
- possible Weapons of Mass
Destruction (WMD’s) in Iraq?
- are the United Nations WMD
inspections in Iraq reliable?
- Saddam Hussein can’t be trusted
2. 2003 – The war begins
a) “Shock and Awe”
b) Dec 2003 -- Saddam Hussein captured “like a
rat in a hole”
3. April 2004 - “Mission Accomplished”
a) Except - No WMDs? No stable gov’t?
4. Mission Accomplished?
a) Civil War
1. Iraq’s Islamic Ethnic Groups fighting for
control of country
- “The Triangle of Death”
- Sunnis, Shiites, Kurds
- Sunnis had the power under
Saddam
- Shiites want the power now
2. Guerilla Warfare, IED’s
b) Iraq’s new democracy struggled to provide
order and security
c) Iraqi soldiers targeted, uncommitted
d) Increased American Frustration
– Still no WMD’s?
– Americans Killed = 4,279
– http://www.npr.org/news/specials/tollofwar/tollofwarmain.html
- Abu-Ghraib Prison Torture Scandal
– Bush’s approval rating=under 30%
– New Plan: Troop surge to secure Baghdad
e) What about other threats?
-- Iran? North Korea? Venezuela?
Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad
in Iran
Kim Jong Il
in North
Korea
f) When will it end?
- When Iraqi gov’t achieves democratic
stability without the need for U.S. troops