Transcript RUSSIAN REVOLUTION FLOW CHART

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
chapter 11.5
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
19TH CENTURY CZARS
•
•
•
•
•
•
Autocracy
Harsh measures against opponents
Secret police
Pogroms
Oppression of non-Russians
Resistance to change
EVENTS OF 1905
Bloody Sunday
• 200,000 workers march on czar’s winter
palace
• Troops fire on crowd, 1,000 + killed
Creation of Duma
• First parliament of Russia
• Czar forced to share power; dissolved it
after 10 weeks
NICHOLAS II’s MISTAKES
• Brought Russia into WWI
• Moved Headquarters to front in WWI
• Czarina Alexandra given power; she
became influenced by Rasputin
• Rasputin was freaky, crazy, and corrupt
• People poor and starving; lots of unrest
• MARCH 1917 (February in Russian
Calendar)
• 200,000 workers march on St. Petersburg
(Petrograd) over bread and fuel shortages
• Czar’s soldiers joined the crowds
“DOWN WITH AUTOCRACY!”
PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
Temporary Government
Led by:
Alexander Kerensky
But the Provisional Government did not
have as much power as the…
• Formed by social
revolutionaries
• Local councils in cities
• Consisted of workers,
peasants, and soldiers
MISTAKES OF PROVISIONAL
GOVERNMENT
Biggest mistake: kept Russia in World War
One
Also, did not help workers or peasants with
food and fuel shortages
Lost all support!
NOVEMBER REVOLUTION
Led by:
Vladimir Lenin, leader of Bolshevik Party
(Communists!)
His slogan:
“Peace, Land, and Bread”
• Bolshevik Red Guards took over gov’t
offices; arrested Prov. Gov’t leaders
• Bolsheviks in power November 1917
• All farmland distributed to
peasants
• Factories controlled by workers
• End Russia’s involvement in WWI
• Gained many opponents, leading
to Russian Civil War
RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR
1918-1920
RED ARMY
• Bolsheviks
(Communists!)
• Led by…Leon Trotsky
WHITE ARMY
• Opponents of
Bolsheviks in Russia;
western nations like
the USA
RESULTS OF THE CIVIL WAR
• Red Army crushes all
opposition to Bolshevik rule
• Russian economy destroyed:
no trade or industrial
production
BOLSHEVIKS BECOME KNOWN
AS…
THE COMMUNIST PARTY
(still led by Lenin)
THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY
1921
To help Russia recover from the war Lenin
allowed for a little bit of capitalism
• Peasants could sell surplus (extra) crops
for profit
• Individuals could buy and sell goods for
profit
• Some small factories, farms, and
businesses allowed
NEW
COUNTRY
• Lenin organized Russia into self-governing
republics
• Central Government controlled them!
• 1922: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(USSR)
• Capital: Moscow
• Lenin had created a “Dictatorship of the
Communist Party”
• This becomes known as Leninism
Soviet Union Moving Forward
• 1924 – Lenin dies
• Power struggle between Leon Trotsky &
Joseph Stalin
– Stalin wins, Trotsky murdered
• Stalin turns to ruthless measures to win
dictatorial power