Transcript Slide 1

Friday 3/7/2012
• Take your seat
• Begin Warm-Up
Warm – Up
Many people were unhappy with the economic situations of
their countries and democratic governments failed because
of bad economies. People felt that if they had a strong
ruler, things would get better for them. How would you feel?
Would you trade your individual liberties for a strong ruler?
Why/ why not?
CHAPTER 15 SECTION 3
Crisis Leads to
Fascism
Millions of people lost faith in democratic
governments after the Great Depression.
In response, people turned to Fascism
which promised to:
 Revive the economy
 Punish those responsible for hard times
 Restore nationalism and order
Fascism Rises in Italy
• Fascism: loyalty to
state & obedience to
leader, extreme
nationalism, one-party
rule.
• Believed that:
– Loyalty to ones country
is important.
– Nations should
struggle- peaceful ones
were doomed.
– Loyalty should be
pledged to one leader.
Fascism vs. Communism
Similarities:
 Both systems were ruled by dictators who allowed
only their political party  one party rule.
 Both denied individual rights.
 In both, the state was supreme.
 Neither practiced any kind of democracy.
Differences:
 Fascists believed that each class had its place
and function.
 Fascist parties were made up of aristocrats,
industrialists, war veterans and the lower middle
class.
 Fascist were nationalists and communists were
internationalists hoping to unite workers
worldwide.
The
Rise of
Mussolini
Mussolini Comes to Power
Mussolini:
Vowed to give Italy strong
leadership.
Promises to rescue economy &
rebuild army.
Founded the Fascist party in
1919.
October, 1922:


“March on Rome”  25,000
Fascists demand that
Mussolini be put in charge of
the government.
Mussolini “legally” took power
as Italy’s Prime Minister.
Il Duce- “The Leader”
1925-1931
Abolished democracy
and outlawed all
political parties except
the fascists.
Established secret
police.
Government censorship.
Outlawed strikes
Control of economy
Mussolini
The Characteristics of Fascism
No Recognition of Human Rights
Religion & Government are Intertwined
Disdain for Intellectuals & for the Arts
Government Corruption
Controlled Mass Media
Labor Power is Suppressed
The Characteristics of Fascism
Powerful and continuing nationalism
Subordination to the State
State Worship
The Myth of Rebirth
Militarism
Enemies are used as Scapegoats
Mussolini was Hitler’s role model
Mussolini and Hitler


Hitler’s Early Years
Volunteered for the German army during
WWI.
1919- Joined a tiny political group  THE
NAZIS (National Socialist German
Workers’ Party).
 Oppose the Treaty of Versailles &
Communism.
 Hitler becomes leader of this
group.
Hitler Having a
good time at lunch
Hitler’s Rise to Power
 Attempted to seize power in Munich
 he failed and was arrested.
 In jail he wrote Mein Kampf (My
Struggle).
 Germans are the master race.
 Treaty of Versailles was an outrage
 Germany was overcrowded and needs
more lebensraum- living space.
Hitler Becomes Chancellor


After leaving prison, Hitler revives the
Nazi party and by 1932, it is the largest
political party.
1933- Hitler was named chancellor and
w/in 1 year he became dictator.
Hitler Creates a Totalitarian State



Banned all political parties.
Had opponents arrested.
Created the SS  Protection Squad
 Loyal only to Hitler
Nazi secret police- Gestapo
• Shocked Germans into obedience.
 Took command of the economy
• Dissolved labor unions
• Government authority
• Put Germans to work

The Fuhrer Supreme


Hitler wanted control
over every aspect of
German life.
Turned to the media to
shape his public opinion.
Hitler Makes War with the Jews


A key part of Nazi ideology was hatred of
Jews or anti-Semitism.
The Nazi’s passed laws depriving Jews of
most of their rights.
 Violence against Jews mounted
 Kristallnacht- (Night of the Broken Glass)
November 9, 1938  Nazi mobs attacked
Jews.
Synagogues were burned too
Jewish cemeteries were destroyed
European Countries Fall to Dictators


The nations formed in Eastern Europe
after WWI were also falling to dictators.
By the mid 1930’s the world’s powerful
nations were split into democratic nations
and totalitarian ones.