Totalitarian Leaders

Mussolini:

Country/Year to Power: Italy 1922-1945 Political Party: Fascist Came to Power: March on Rome-demanded to be named Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel Nickname: Il Duce Secret Police: Black Shirts

Mussolini:

• • • • Strategies used to stay in Power: Strengthened the military Invaded Ethiopia to show power Partnered with Hitler Used propaganda and censorship

Stalin:

Country/Year to Power: USSR 1928-1953 Political Party: Communist Came to Power: Lenin died. Stalin named the successor after having Trotsky exiled to Mexico and later executed Nickname: Man of Steel Secret Police: Checka

Stalin:

• • • • Strategies used to stay in Power: 5 Year Plans – Increased industry – Improved farming and transportation Used propaganda and censorship Created Collectives (large farms) and the Kulaks (wealthy farmers) resisted The Great Purge- killing of political opponents

Hitler:

Country/Year to Power: Germany 1933-1945 Political Party: Nazi Came to Power: Elected Chancellor of the Weimar Republic-within a year names himself dictator. Creates the Nazi Party. Nickname: Der Fuher Secret Police: Gestapo/SS Storm Troopers

Hitler

• • • Strategies used to stay in Power: Anti-Semitism (“against the Jew”) – Nuremburg Laws – Hitler Youth – Kristallnacht (“night of broken glass”) Mein Kampf (“my struggles”)-manifesto Final Solution- exterminate Jews from Europe (Holocaust)