Transcript World War II Rise of Dictators

World War II
Rise of Dictators in Europe
Ms. Krall
Road to War…
With the Outcome of the Treaty of Versailles,
new governments were created in the
1920’s and 1930’s. Three countries
became Totalitarian while one was
embroiled in a civil war.
“Totalitarianism”
version of authoritarian control that is willingly
accepted by a group of people. Oppression
is rational, systematic, and mostly goes
unnoticed at first by the people.
Italy

FASCISM (right wing
totalitarian movement
based on extreme
nationalism)

Unhappy at outcome of
treaty of Versailles (no
territory in North
Africa/Yugoslavia) and
angered at British over the
Ethiopian War.

Benito Mussolini
becomes leader in 1922.
Stresses nationalism,
increase military and new
sense of imperialism. Italy
becomes a Fascist state.

By 1936 signs the RomeBerlin Axis agreementalliance between Nazi
Germany and Italy.
El Duce
GERMANY-WEIMAR REPUBLIC



Failure of government led
to the rise of Adolf Hitler
and the National Socialist
German Worker’s Party
(Nazi Party).
With Hitler- Wrote “Mein
Kempf” while in prison
Supported an Aryan
“master race” and antiSemitism (hated towards
Jews)



Believed in a great
German Empire“lebensraum”
Becomes Chancellor in
1933 (Nazi Party burns
down the Reichstag)
Becomes a Fascist state
like Italy ( except Italy
lacked supporting a
master race)
Der Führer
SOVIET UNION


Communism- totalitarian
government in which a
single authoritarian party
controls the state-owned
means of production with
the alleged aim of
establishing a classless
society.
After the death of Lenin,
Josef Stalin becomes the
Soviet Premier during the
1930’s



Does not take part in
Treaty of Versailles (treaty
of Brest-Litovsk) and
becomes suspicious of
western democracies.
Uses propaganda to pass
his 5 year plan of
economic reform
Eliminates his “enemies”
during the purges of the
1930’s. Millions
die/imprisoned.
Joseph Stalin
SPAIN


Spanish Monarchy ends in
1931-government is
controlled by
leftists/socialists
By 1936 right wing
supporters headed by
general Francisco
Franco tried to control the
government. Civil War
breaks out between
leftists, nationalists, and
royalists (supported
Monarchy)


Mussolini and Hitler
support Franco.
By 1939 Spain is
controlled by right-wing
nationalists under Franco.
Steps to War…

By 1938 Hitler plans to
expand the
boundaries of
Germany (violation of
Versailles). Annexes
Austria and the
Sudetenland of
Czechoslovakia.
(Anschluss)
Appeasement…

In response- 1938
Munich Conference
(Germany, France,
and GB). Hitler makes
deal with Neville
Chamberlain that no
further advancement
will take place.
One more hurdle…Hitler Stalin Pact

German/Soviet Nonaggression pact of
August 1939- USSR
stays out of possible
war if Hitler promises
not to invade the
Soviet Union.


Both will secretly
divide up Poland.
USSR will invade
Finland.
WAR!!



September 1, 1939. Nazi Germany
invades Poland. France and Great Britain
declare war on Germany on September
3rd.
From September 1939 until March 1940called the “Phony War”
March 1940- Hitler invades France