Transcript Chapter 7: managing Individual Stress

Presentation Slides
to Accompany
Organizational Behavior
10th Edition
Don Hellriegel and John W. Slocum, Jr.
Chapter 7—Managing Individual Stress
Prepared by
Michael K. McCuddy
Valparaiso University
Slide 7.1
Learning Objectives for Managing
Individual Stress
 Explain the concept of stress and stressors and a
person’s response to stress
 Discuss the relationship between personality and stress
 State the primary sources of stress in organizations
 Describe the effects of stress on health and job
performance
 Identify individual and organizational practices for
managing stress
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Stress
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Slide 7.2
The Relationship Between Stressors
and Experienced Stress
Influenced by
the Person’s:
Perceptions
Stressors
from the
Environment
Past
Experiences
Stress
Experienced
by the Person
Social
Support
Individual
Differences
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Stress
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Slide 7.3
Behavioral Tendencies of the
Type A Personality
 Time urgency
 Competitiveness and hostility
 Polyphasic behavior
 Lack of planning
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Stress
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Slide 7.4
Characteristics of the
Hardy Personality
 Feeling a sense of commitment
 Responding to each difficulty as a
challenge and an opportunity
 Having a sense of control over one’s life
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Stress
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Slide 7.5
Sources of Work Stressors and
Experienced Stress
Work Stressors
Influenced by the Employee’s:
Workload
Perceptions
Job Conditions
Past Experiences
Role Conflict and
Ambiguity
Social Support
Career Development
Individual Differences
Stress Experienced
by the Employee
Interpersonal Relations
Aggressive Behavior
Conflict Between Work
and Other Roles
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Stress
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Slide 7.6
Stressors and Work–Family Conflict
Stressors
Creates
Leads to
Work Versus
Family
Work and
Family Stress
on Employee
Work–Family
Conflicts
Triggers Possible
Outcomes
Dissatisfaction
Frustration
Depression
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Stress
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Slide 7.7
Stressful Events for College Students
High Stress Events
Moderate Stress Events
Low Stress Events
* Death of parent
* Academic probation
* Death of spouse
* Change of major
* Change in
eating habits
* Divorce
* Death of close friend
* Change in
sleeping habits
* Flunking out
* Failing important course
* Change in social
activities
* Unwed pregnancy
* Finding a new love interest
* Loss of financial aid
* Conflict with
instructor
* Major injury or illness
* Lower grades
than expected
* Parents’ divorce
* Serious arguments with
romantic partner
* Outstanding achievement
Source: Adapted from Baron, R. A., and Byrne, D. Social Psychology: Understanding
Human Interaction, 6th ed. Boston, Allyn & Bacon, 1991, 573.
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Stress
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Slide 7.8
Effects of Stress
 Physiological effects

Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate,
sweating, hot and cold spells, etc.
 Emotional effects

Anger, anxiety, depression, lowered self-esteem, etc.
 Behavioral effects

Poor performance, absenteeism, high accident rates,
high turnover rates, etc.
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Stress
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Slide 7.9
Health Impacts of Stress
 Health problems

Coronary heart disease, back pain, headaches, etc.
 Impact on the organization

Increased health insurance costs and lost work days

Over 75% of industrial accidents are rooted in stress

Stress-related workers’ compensation claims
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Stress
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Slide 7.10
Typical Relationship Between
Performance and Stress
Too Little Stress Optimum Stress Excessive Stress
Level of
Performance
High
(excellent)
Low
(poor)
Low
Amount of Stress
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Stress
High
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Slide 7.11
Components and Characteristics
of Burnout
 Components:

State of emotional exhaustion

Depersonalization of individuals

Feelings of low personal accomplishment
 Characteristics:

Experiences high stress from work-related stressors

Idealistic and self-motivating achievers

Often seek unattainable goals
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Slide 7.12
Individual Stress
Management Initiatives
 Designed to eliminate or control sources of
stress and improve the person’s ability to cope
 A person can manage stress by:

Planning ahead and practicing good time management

Having good personal health management practices

Maintaining a positive perspective

Balancing work life and personal life

Learning a relaxation technique
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Slide 7.13
Organizational Stress
Management Initiatives
 Designed to:

Identify and modify or eliminate work stressors

Help employees modify perception of work stress

Help employees cope with the consequences of stress
 Organizations can manage stress by:

Reducing work stressors

Modifying behaviors

Creating wellness programs
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Slide 7.14
Organizational Stress Management
Initiatives for Reducing Stressors
 Improvements in the physical work environment
 Job design
 Changes in workloads and deadlines
 Changes in work schedules, more flexible hours,
and sabbaticals
 Increased employee participation
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Stress
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Slide 7.15
Organizational Stress Management
Initiatives for Modifying Behaviors
 Team building
 Career counseling and other employee
assistance programs
 Time management workshops
 Job burnout workshops
 Training in relaxation techniques
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Stress
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