Transcript Imperialism

Imperialism
A Brief History
Imperialism
• Imperialism occurs when a strong nation
takes over a weaker power or region and
dominates its economic, political, and/or
cultural life.
Imperialism Causes
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Nationalism
Colonialism
Industrialization
Capitalism
Mercantilism
Social Darwinism
Racism
Nationalism
• Powerful 19th century trend
• Romantic feeling or sense of identity with
one’s nation
• Usually based on uniformity
– Ethnicity
– Language
– Geography
– Common culture
Colonialism
• Extension of a nation’s sovereignty over a
foreign power through permanent
settlements
• Examples: France, England and Spain in
North America; England in India; Dutch in
South Africa
Industrialization
• A product of England’s 19th century
Industrial Revolution in which Europe
became more urbanized and relied on
factories for production
• Inventions: steam engine, spinning jenny,
cotton gin, bicycle, locomotive, steel (late
19th c.)
• Europeans wanted cheap natural
resources to fuel economic growth…they
found these overseas…
Capitalism
• Economic system in which the means of
production are controlled by private
enterprises
• Opposite is socialism
• What nations have capitalism?
• How would capitalism relate to
imperialism?
Mercantilism
• A source of economic regulation in which
nation’s selected a variable (such as gold)
to gauge wealth and trade
• Led to bullionism—the use of metals to
regulate the value of a nation’s currency
Social Darwinism
Racism
• Discrimination or hatred on the basis of
the supremacy of one race over another
• Imperial Examples
– Apartheid
– Racial classifications (i.e. Hutu/Tutsi)
– Racial caricatures
– Segregation
– Slavery
Colonialism 1900
Africa
• Belgian Congo (Congo Free State)
– King Leopold
– Berlin Act 1885
– Michelin
• South Africa
– Settled by Dutch (Afrikaners) in 1600s
– Instituted racial policies
– Lost to Britain in Boer War 1898-1899
– Legacy of Apartheid
Africa Continued
• Sudan
– Settled by British
– Resisted British and Egyptian rule
– Defeated by both and used for natural
resources
• Rwanda
– Ruled by Belgium
– Created racial distinctions between Hutus nad
Tutsis
Asia
•Examine the image
•Describe the scene
•What time period is this from?
What led you to your conclusion?
•What is taking place? Describe
the clues that led you to that
conclusion.
•Who do you suppose is present?
China
• In isolation for much of the 18th century
• Fights Great Britain in the Opium War
(1839)
• 1856 2nd Opium War
– Treaty opens ports to foreign powers
– Missionaries allowed to promote Christianity
• 1895 China loses Korea to Japan
• China descends in colonial rule until 1946
This British cartoon shows backward Chinese blocking "Progress"
only ten years after the "Opium War" when the British government
used troops and gunboats to force the Chinese to accept illegal
opium trafficking.
India
• 18th Century British East India Company
moves into India
• Great Britain takes control of Company
and defeats Mughal Empire in Sikh Wars
• 1870 Queen Victoria crowned Empress of
India
• British feel they can civilize Indians
Latin America
• Spain dominates most of Latin America
until the 1830s
• U.S. proclaims Latin America it’s “Sphere
of Influence” in 1820
• Mexico ruled by Spain until 1821
– Attacked by France, England and Spain in
1862
– Europeans wanted to collect debts
Sources
"YOU CLEAR OUT! SHE'S MY 'MASH!'"
Now then, young Obstructive, still playing the sentry,
Where nobody wants you to watch or mount guard?
Are you to rule everyone's exit and entry?
Clear out, my young friend, or with you 'twill go hard.
You Portuguese Tappertit, turn it up, do!
D'ye think I'll be stopped by a monkey like you?
My Mash, that young woman! Will you bar our meeting?
We're sweethearts. Will you interfere with our tryst?
You pert whippersnapper, my sable-skinned sweeting
My masculine wooing's too wise to resist.
Shall RHODES be cut out by a small Portuguese,
With a gun and a swagger? Pooh! Fiddle-de-dee!
We've put up too long with your pranks, my fine fellow,
Because of your size, upon which you presume.
Oh, it's no use to twirl your moustache and look yellow!
Mean having that gal, howsoever you fume.
You'd better behave yourself, boy, or no doubt
Before very long we shall clean you right out.
Look at home, keep your own ways a little bit clearer,
And don't go a-blocking up other folks' roads.
Eh? You warn me off her? I mustn't come nearer?
Ha, ha! My good-nature your impudence goads.
Clear out, whilst you're safe, you young shrimp! Don't be rash!
For I shan't let you come between me and my Mash!
White Man’s Burden
Take up the White Man's burden-Send forth the best ye breed-Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need;
To wait in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild-Your new-caught, sullen
peoples,
Half-devil and half-child.
Take up the White Man's
burden-In patience to abide,
To veil the threat of terror
And check the show of pride;
By open speech and simple,
An hundred times made plain
To seek another's profit,
And work another's gain.
Take up the White Man's burden-The savage wars of peace-Fill full the mouth of Famine
And bid the sickness cease;
And when your goal is nearest
The end for others sought,
Watch sloth and heathen Folly
Bring all your hopes to nought.
Take up the White Man's burden-No tawdry rule of kings,
But toil of serf and sweeper-The tale of common things.
The ports ye shall not enter,
The roads ye shall not tread,
Go mark them with your living,
And mark them with your dead.
Take up the White Man's burden-And reap his old reward:
The blame of those ye better,
The hate of those ye guard-The cry of hosts ye humour
(Ah, slowly!) toward the light:-"Why brought he us from
bondage,
Our loved Egyptian night?"
Take up the White Man's
burden-Ye dare not stoop to less-Nor call too loud on Freedom
To cloke your weariness;
By all ye cry or whisper,
By all ye leave or do,
The silent, sullen peoples
Shall weigh your gods and you.
King Leopold 1890
Excerpts from a letter to Minister
Beernaert of the Congo
History teaches that countries with small territories have a moral and material
interest in extending their influence beyond their narrow borders. Greece
founded opulent cities, bastions of arts and civilization, on the shores of the
Mediterranean. Later, Venice built its grandeur on its maritime and
commercial relations no less than on its political success. The Netherlands
have 30 million subjects in the Indies who exchange tropical products for the
products of the mother country.
It is in serving the cause of humanity and progress that peoples of the
second rank appear as useful members of the great family of nations. A
manufacturing and commercial nation like ours, more than any other, must
do its best to secure opportunities for all its workers, whether intellectual,
capitalist, or manual.
These patriotic preoccupations dominated my life. It is they that caused the
creation of the African effort.
Excerpts from a Typical Royal
Niger Company Treaty 1880s
• We, the undersigned Chiefs of . . . . . . . , with the view of bettering
the condition of our country and people, do this day cede to the
Royal Niger Company (Chartered and Limited), for ever, the whole
of our territory extending from ....................
• We also give to the said Royal Niger Company (Chartered and
Limited) full power to settle all native disputes arising from any
cause whatever, and we pledge ourselves not to enter into any war
with other tribes without the sanction of the said Royal Niger
Company (Chartered and Limited).
• We understand that the said Royal Niger Company (Chartered and
Limited) have full power to mine, farm, and build in any portion of
our country.
• We bind ourselves not to have any intercourse[i.e., transactions or
communications] with any strangers or foreigners except through the
said Royal Niger Company (Chartered and Limited).
U.S. was there too!