Transcript aslclasses.weebly.com

Schools for the Deaf
ASL 2B
Crain, Nutter (modified)
March 2015
A VERY Brief History
of Deaf Education
• We in America did not invent:
• We in America did not invent:
– The Manual Alphabet…
• We in America did not invent:
– The Manual Alphabet…
– Signing…
• We in America did not invent:
– The Manual Alphabet…
– Signing…
– Signed Language…
or
• We in America did not invent:
– The Manual Alphabet…
– Signing…
– Signed Language…
– Deaf Education.
or
• We in America did not invent:
– The Manual Alphabet…
– Signing…
– Signed Language…
– Deaf Education.
• Where did it all begin?
or
Spain
1600’s Spain
• Juan Pablo Bonet
– An advocate of early sign language, to write the first wellknown book of manual alphabetic signs for the deaf in 1620.
– Was a private tutor to two deaf children from a rich family.
– Adopted the manual alphabet used by monks for use in
teaching the deaf
• No public education for deaf children…only private tutoring for
the rich.
Germany
1700’s Germany
• The birth of oral deaf education
• Samuel Heinicke
– In 1755 he opened the first oral school for the
deaf in the world in Germany.
• Heinicke taught pupils speech by having them feel
his throat while he spoke.
– His orally based educational techniques became
known as "the German Method."
England
1700’s England
• 1777
– Thomas Braidwood opened the first school for the deaf in
England.
– Oral school in the tradition of the “German Method”
• Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet traveled to England to learn
Braidwood’s methods, but Braidwood refused to allow his
methods to leave the country.
• So, Gallaudet took the short trip to France, and met Laurent
Clerc, the first Deaf teacher of the Deaf.
France
1700’s France
• Charles Michel De L'Eppe, French priest and the "father of Sign
Language and Deaf Education“
– Established the first free public school for the deaf in France.
– In 1760 he created a standardized system of signs and
fingerspelling (from the natural signs of deaf children + signs
invented by him)
– Established the first free public school for the deaf (1755)
– Wrote "The Instruction of Deaf and Mute Persons Using
Methodological Signs", first book to advocate the use of
natural signs (1776)
So...
• If Thomas Braidwood had been nicer to
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet:
– American Sign Language (as we know it) would
not exist; and
– Gallaudet University would be an oral school.
Gallaudet takes Clerc
back to America
Martha’s Vineyard
1690-1880
• Settled by 200 immigrants from Kent County in England
• Population carried dominant and recessive genes for
deafness.
• By the mid-1700's a signed language (before ASL) had
developed on the island, used by deaf and hearing
islanders alike.
• Almost all inhabitants signed, and public meetings were
conducted in signed language for all.
• Deaf islanders married, had families, worked, voted, held
public office and were equal to hearing islanders.
1800’s America
• First School for the Deaf in America
• 1817 – The American Asylum for the Deaf
and Dumb (now The American School for the
Deaf) in Hartford, CT
– Deaf children from Martha’s Vineyard went to
Hartford to be educated
– They brought “island signs” with them and
influenced LSF as it evolved into ASL.
So…what is ASL?
Clerc’s French Sign Language (LSF)
+
Gallaudet’s English
+
Island Signs (from Martha’s Vineyard)
+
a few generations of standardization
=
American Sign Language
1800’s America
• Other states wanted to establish schools for the deaf,
and asked Laurent Clerc to help them.
– 1818 New York
(Fanwood)
– 1820 Pennsylvania
(Philadelphia)
– 1823 Kentucky
(Danville)
– 1829 Ohio
– 1845 Tennessee & North Carolina
– Etc…
Huh?
• Laurent Clerc founded or helped to found the
first 5-6 schools for the Deaf in America.
• Why is the only university for the Deaf
named after Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet?
The 1880 Milan Conference
•
•
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•
Early schools for the deaf were mainly signing.
Oral schools gained in popularity.
Governments began to argue as to which was better.
A conference was held in Milan, Italy in 1880 and all in
attendance voted.
• Oralism “won” and American schools for the deaf began to
“outlaw” signing.
• Signing would not make a comeback until the 1960’s.
Gallaudet
Gallaudet
• 1857
Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the
Deaf and the Dumb
• 1864
Columbia Institution allowed to grant college
degrees.
• 1865
College named National Deaf Mute College
• 1893
Name changes to Gallaudet College
• 1986
Name changes to Gallaudet University
• 1988
DPN (Deaf President Now protest)
Schools for the Deaf and the Blind
• 1839
Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind
(BSDB) becomes the first to serve both populations.
• Today, some of the largest schools for the deaf are
actually schools for the deaf and the blind.
– VSDB
– FSDB
The largest School f/t Deaf in U.S.
– MSD/MSB
– ASDB
Research Project
State Schools for the Deaf
• Choose one currently-operating State School
for the Deaf.
• Create a PowerPoint or Prezi including all of
the following information:
History
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When was the school founded/opened?
Who founded the school…and why?
Was the founder Deaf or hearing?
What is its current formal name? What were
its former names?
Location
• Where in the state is the school located?
• Where is the school in relation to the state
capitol and/or largest city?
• Is this the only state School for the Deaf in
the state? Has this always been the case?
Language & Communication
• Is the school:
– Oral?
– Manual?
– Total Communication?
– ASL?
(listening & speaking)
(signing)
(signing and speaking)
(not just signing, but ASL)
• Has the school always had the same
communication philosophy?
Students
• How many students currently attend this
school?
• How many grades does this include?
Teachers & Administrators
• Is the President/ Superintendent Deaf or
Hearing?
• How many teachers (or what percentage) are
Deaf?
Miscellany
• What is the school mascot? Colors?
• Which sports are available for students?
• Is this a residential school (do students sleep
at the school), or a day school?
Trivia
• Find one superlative to describe this school.
– It is the biggest, smallest, oldest, newest,
farthest north, most remote, first to do x y z…
• Does this school claim any famous Deaf
people as alumni?
Graphics
• Your presentation must include at least five
images:
– map showing the location of the state in the US
– map showing the location of the school in that state
– picture or map of the campus
– school logo, symbol, icon, or mascot
– picture of students at the school
Requirements
• Answer all questions contained in
the “Research Project” - which will
be put on my website
(www.aslclasses.weebly.com).
Stuck?
• If you cannot find an answer to one of my
questions:
• Provide a PowerPoint slide explaining three
(3) ways in which you sought the
information.
Your Presentation
DO NOT consider
presenting your findings
until you can sign all of the
information on your slides.
Period 6
PSD (Philly)
St. Joseph’s (MO)
WSD (Vancouver)
HSDB (Honolulu)
NTID (Rochester)
CSD (Fremont)
ISDB (Gooding)
OSD (Salem)
MSD (Great Falls)
CSD (Colorado Springs)
TSD (Austin)
KSD (Danville)
NMSD (Santa Fe)
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Cayce
Land
Baker
Dills
Grimes
Lint
Kiseleva
Briley
Phim
Singleton
Smith, E.
Smith, B.
ASDB (Tucson)
CSD (Riverside)
LSD (Baton Rouge)
Archbishop Ryan (Philly)
St. Mary’s (Buffalo)
NYSD (White Plains)
SCSD (Spartanburg)
FSDB (St. Augustine)
St. Francis (Brooklyn)
GSD (Cave Spring)
MSD (Jackson)
TSD (Knoxville)
Period 4
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Castro
Haase
Jasso
McFadden
Geers
Stigall
Jensen
Hayes
Pickles
Hernandez
OSD (Salem)
ASD (Anchorage)
WSD (Vancouver)
HSDB (Honolulu)
AIDB (Talladega)
TSD (Austin)
ASDB (Tucson)
Clark (Northampton)
ASD (Little Rock)
CSD (Fremont)
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Coates
Grendahl
GSD (Cave Spring)
CSDB (Colorado Springs)
Period 3
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Schwartz
Mosbauer
Seabridge
Chernyavskiy
Clark
Lingle
Garneau
Perez
Boedigheimer
Panah
Ward
Word
Lord
Pinard
CSDB (Colorado Springs)
HSDB (Honolulu)
FSDB (St. Augustine)
OSD (Salem)
NTID (Rochester)
ASD (Little Rock)
WSPD (Edgewood)
WSD (Vancouver)
ASDB (Tucson)
ISDB (Gooding)
CSD (Riverside)
TSD (Austin)
ASD (Hartford)
CSD (Fremont)
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Vaughn
Adair
Kirkland
Mendiola
Comerdinger
Smith
Darrow
Betea
Mekic
Bowman
Phillips
Rowland
Barnett
LSD (Baton Rouge)
NCSD (Morganton)
MSAD (Fairbault)
ASD (Anchorage)
NMSD (Santa Fe)
Horace Mann
WSD (Delevan)
KSD (Olathe)
PSD (Philadelphia)
OSD (Sulphur)
WVSD (Romney)
RISD (Providence)
CID (St. Louis)
Period 1
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Keeth
WSD
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Ramos
OSD (Salem)
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Atwell
FSDB
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Allison
ISD (Jax)
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Iggulden ASD
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Moore HSDB(Honolulu)
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Meech MSD (Fredrick)
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Price
CSD (Riverside)
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Glass
ASD (Anchorage)
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Tracy
TSD (Austin)
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Green
CSDB
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Herrera KSD (Olathe)
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Krieve
USDB (SLC)
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BlinsmanCSD (Fremont)
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Herbst
IESDB (Gooding)
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Hoisington
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Schmitz NDSD (Devil’s Lake)
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Walker Blossom Montessori (Clearwater, FL)
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Sandberg
RISD
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Runger OSD (Columbus)
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Klimenov
ASDB (Tucson)
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Saenz
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Weisser NY (Fanwood)
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Benner St. Mary’s (Buffalo)
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Edwards NMSD (Santa Fe)
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Strode
GSD (Cave Spring)
VSDB (Staunton)
NY (Rome)