Transcript 溝通策略
溝通策略
communicative
Strategy
林淑慧
Selinker 1972, Interlanguage
– Strategies of second language
communication
Tarone 1977,
– Providing the first definition and
taxonomy
Definitions
a systematic technique employed by
a speaker to express his meaning
when face with some difficulty
– Corder,1977
a mutual attempt of two interlocutors
to agree on a meaning in situations
where requisite meaning structures
are not shared
– Tarone,1980
Definitions
potentially conscious plans for
solving what to an individual
presents itself as a problem in
reaching a particular communicative
goal
– Faerch and Kasper,1983a
techniques of coping with difficulties
in communicating in an imperfectly
known second language
Definitions
Problematicity
Consciousness
Intentionality
高海虹2000
學習者在對第二語言或外語掌握有限的
情況下,為達到交際目的,彌補其語法
或詞彙知識貧乏而採用的方法
(Paribakht 1985, Corder 1983,
Faerch & Kasper 1983)
Language use
processes
strategies
communication
learning
Tarone 1977
Avoidance
– Topic
– Massage abandonment
Paraphrase
– Approximation
– Word coinage
– circumlocution
Conscious transfer
– Literal translation
– Language switch
Appeal for assistance
Mime
Dörnyei & Scott 1995
Direct
Resource deficit-related
– Massage abandonment, reduction,
replacement
– Circumlocution
– Approximation
– Use of all-purpose words
– Word-coinage
– Restructuring
Dörnyei & Scott 1995
Resource deficit-related
– Literal translation
– Foreignizing
– Code switching
– Use of similar sounding words
– Mumbling
– Omission
– Retrieval
– Mime
Dörnyei & Scott 1995
Own-performance problem-relate
– Self-rephrasing
– Self-repair
Other-performance problem-relate
– Other-repair
Dörnyei & Scott 1995
Interaction
Resource deficit-related
– Appeals for help
Own-performance problem-relate
– Comprehension check
– Own-accuracy check
Dörnyei & Scott 1995
Other-performance problem-relate
– Asking for repetition, clarification,
confirmation
– Guessing
– Expressing nonunderstanding
– Interpretive summary
– response
Dörnyei & Scott 1995
Indirect
Processing time pressure-related
– Use of fillers
– Repetitions
Own-performance problem-relate
– Verbal strategy markers
Other-performance problem-relate
– Feigning understanding
Reference
Zoltá:n Dörnyei & Mary Lee Scott ,
1997, communication strategies in a
second language: Definition and
Taxonomies, Language Learning v47
p173-210
Ellen Bialystok, 1990,
Communication Strategies, A
Psychological Analysis of SecondLanguage Use
Elain Tarone, 1980, Communication
strategies, Foreigner talk, and repair
in interlanguage, Language Learning
Reference
高海虹, 2000, 交際策略能力研究報告──
觀念與運用, 外語教學與研究 v32:1,
p53-58
H. Douglas Brown(余光雄譯),2005,
第二語教學最高指導原則, longman