Transcript Air Traffic Control Communication

Air Traffic Control
Communication
© 2000, 2001 Flight Safety Foundation
CFIT and ALAR Task Forces
Flight Safety Foundation
Steering Committee
and
Working Groups
CFIT
ALAR
Flight Safety Foundation (FSF)
ALAR Task Force Organization
Steering
Committee
Data Acquisition
and Analysis
Working Group
Operations and
Training Working
Group
FSF CFIT/ALAR
Action Group
(CAAG)
Air Traffic Control
Training and Procedures/
Airport Facilities
Working Group
Aircraft Equipment
Working Group
Approximately 125 aviation safety specialists are involved worldwide.
ALAR Objectives
•
To reduce the approach-and-landing accident
(ALA) rate by 50% within 5 years of issuing
final recommendations in 1999.
•
To identify equipment, operational, regulatory
and training measures that will improve safety
for aircraft from commencement of approach
through circling, landing or missed approach.
Statistics for
Approach-and-landing Accidents
(ALAs)
•
56% of Western-built large commercial jet accidents
are ALAs.
•
Approximately 50% of fatalities are the result of
Western-built large commercial jet ALAs.
•
By 2010, the task force estimates 23 Western-built large
commercial jet fatal accidents will occur annually.
•
Controlled-flight-into-terrain (CFIT) accidents are not
showing a downward trend.
ALAR Data-driven Strategy
•
High-level analyses of 287 accidents
•
In-depth study of 76 incidents and accidents
•
Line observations on 3,300 U.S. flights
•
All conclusions supported by data
Most Common Types of
Approach-and-landing Accidents
•
CFIT
•
Loss of control
•
Landing overrun
•
Runway excursion
•
Unstabilized approach
These comprised 76 percent of the sample.
Photo by Jan Ovind
Factors in Unstabilized
Approaches and
Missed Approaches
•
42% involved “press-on-itis.”
•
36% were low and/or slow on approach.
•
30% were high and/or fast on approach.
•
Only 17% of crews initiated go-arounds.
Photo by Dr. David Powell
How Is ATC Involved?
• ATC instruction/advice/service was a causal
factor in 33% of ALAs and serious incidents.
Causal Factor
70
60
50
40
%
accidents 30
20
10
0
ATC
others
Pilot-Controller Communication
•
Improving communication and mutual
understanding between controllers and pilots
of each other’s operational environment will
improve approach-and-landing safety.
Improving Pilot-Controller
Communication
• Improve knowledge of modern flight decks
and operational requirements.
• Discuss specific problems and work to
resolve them.
Joint Pilot-Controller Programs
• Germany: Lufthansa and Frankfurt ATC
• USA: US Airways and Charlotte, N.C. ATC
• Netherlands: KLM and Amsterdam ATC
US Airways Experience
• Mutual training/discussion sessions between
pilots and controllers (US Airways and
Charlotte ATC)
• Focus on effective communication, operational
procedures, error management, workload and
team building
Tragedy Leads to Improvements
• “Aircraft Emergency and the Role of ATC”
• Flight simulator sessions for controllers
• Joint meetings of pilots and controllers
Flight Simulator Sessions
For Controllers
• Promote the understanding of limitations,
workload and operational requirements of
pilots during unusual situations.
Use ICAO Standard Phraseology
• Pilots experiencing unusual situations should
inform ATC:
– Pan, Pan
or
– Mayday
• Controllers who hear Pan, Pan or Mayday
should respond by using ASSIST.
Controllers: Use ASSIST to
Respond to a Mayday or Pan, Pan.
A
cknowledge
S
eparate
S
ilence
I
nform
S
upport
T
ime
Make sure you understand
and acknowledge
the nature of the emergency!
Don’t forget to establish/maintain
separation with other aircraft
and terrain!
Impose silence on your radio
frequency, if necessary.
Don’t disturb urgent pilot actions
by unnecessary transmissions!
Inform your supervisor and other
involved sectors, units and
airports!
Give maximum support
to the flight crew!
Allow pilots sufficient time to work
on their problem!
ALAR Tool Kit
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Flight Safety Digest: “ALAR Briefing Notes”
Flight Safety Digest: “Killers in Aviation: FSF Task Force Presents Facts
About Approach-and-landing and Controlled-flight-into-terrain
Accidents”
FSF ALAR Task Force Conclusions and Recommendations
FSF ALAR Task Force Members
Selected FSF Publications
Approach-and-landing Risk Awareness Tool
Approach-and-landing Risk Reduction Guide
Standard Operating Procedures Template
ALAR Information Posters
CFIT Checklist
CFIT Alert
Flight Operations and Training
Equipment for Aircraft and Air Traffic Control
Air Traffic Control Communication
Pilot Guide to Preventing CFIT
Approach-and-landing Accident Data Overview
An Approach and Landing Accident: It Could Happen to You
CFIT Awareness and Prevention
Links to Aviation Statistics on the Internet
More information?
Flight Safety Foundation
Suite 300, 601 Madison Street
Alexandria, VA 22314-1756 U.S.
Telephone: +1 (703) 739-6700
Fax: +1 (703) 739-6708
www.flightsafety.org
This is a self-contained product of the Flight Safety Foundation Approach-and-landing Accident Reduction (ALAR) Task Force and includes a
variety of information to help prevent approach-and-landing accidents, including those involving controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
This information is not intended to supersede operators’/manufacturers’ policies, practices or requirements,
or to supersede government regulations.
In the interest of aviation safety, the contents of the FSF ALAR Tool Kit may be displayed, printed, photocopied and/or
distributed on paper for noncommercial use. Except as specifically permitted above, the contents must not be offered for sale
directly or indirectly, used commercially, distributed on the Internet and/or on any other electronic media without
the prior written permission of Flight Safety Foundation. All uses of the FSF ALAR Tool Kit must credit Flight Safety Foundation.
Contact Roger Rozelle, director of publications, for more information.
© 2000, 2001, 2002 Flight Safety Foundation
Release v. 3.1
Flight Safety Foundation
Suite 300, 601 Madison Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22314-1756 U.S.
Telephone: +1 (703) 739-6700; Fax: +1 (703) 739-6708
http://www.flightsafety.org