The MAIN Causes of - Two Rivers Public School District
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Transcript The MAIN Causes of - Two Rivers Public School District
The
MAIN
Causes of
World War I
The MAIN Causes
Militarism
Alliance Systems
Imperialism
Nationalism
Militarism
Militarism – building up military to be prepared for
war and/or used as a tool of diplomacy
Total Defense Expenditures of Great Powers
(Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, Britain, Russia)
*in millions
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914
$156
$216
$256
$446
$481
$662
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%
Alliance Systems
Alliance – a formal agreement or union
between nations
promise to aid and protect one another
Triple Entente
Great Britain
France
Russia
Triple Alliance
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Imperialism
One country taking over another
economically and politically
Nationalism
Nationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s
country
Assassination
Balkan Peninsula – much interest
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Heir to Austria-Hungary throne
Sarajevo, Bosnia
Killed by Gavrilo Princip
Serbian nationalist
Black Hand member
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at
Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.
Artist’s depiction of the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death;
declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledges support for Austria-Hungary.
Russia pledges support for Serbia.
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to
France.
Great Britain supports Belgium; declares war on
Germany.
Allied Powers
Great Britain
Central Powers
Ottoman
Empire
Germany
France
Austria-Hungary
Russia
Attitudes about war
Most soldiers excited
Family tradition
Becoming heroes
No major wars in many years
Many volunteer
Drafts still need to be used
Expect quick end to war
Overview of the War
3 Fronts
Western – French/German border
Eastern – German/Russian border
Rest of World – seas, Africa, Asia
Trench Warfare
New Weapons
Poison Gas, Machine Gun, Tank, Submarine
German Strategies
Schlieffen Plan
Doesn’t want to fight
on 2 fronts
Attack & defeat France
1st
Then Russia
Submarine attacks
On Navies
On transport ships
Total War – all
resources towards
war
Russia in WWI
Attack Austria & Germany
Top resource is # of people
Are cut off from supplies – no rail lines
Leaves war in 1917
Chaos erupts to tough living
US’s role in WWI
Want to avoid
Pulled in by German sub warfare
Joins war in 1917
Zimmerman telegraph
Brings new energy, resources, and troops
A New Kind of War
Trench Warfare
Front Line
Support
Reserve
Dugouts - offices
“No Man’s Land” – space between sides
Saps – shallow trenches facing opponent
Trench Warfare