Transcript World War I
Chuck Norris Fact: “Chuck Norris can blow bubbles when he chews beef jerky” World War I Let the Games Begin Characteristics of Countries • Distinct Difference between strong countries & weak countries • Weak countries tend to be traditional countries • Strong countries adapt to change You sir, are a sissy! Industrialization = Strength • Mass production allows for the betterment of all areas • Stronger & more prepared military • Stronger economy • Ability to Imperialize • Satisfy your population I’m tubby and Britain is awesome! Weak Countries We need to think of something simpler than say, “Provolone!” • Outdated, oppressive governments • Poor industrialization • Unorganized military • Difficult ethnic populations • Large populations Take a picture of us taking pictures The Players Great Britain France Russia Germany Italy Austria- Hungary Recipe for War Nationalism – The love and devotion to ones nation Militarism – The policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war Imperialism • Nations had been competing for years • A lot of tension The Alliance System • Triple Alliance – Germany – Austria-Hungary – Italy • Triple Entente – Britain – France – Russia A Kick in the Balkans • The Balkans is known as the “Powder Keg” • Filled with either recently freed or Ottoman/Austro-Hungarian controlled Nations – – – – – Bulgaria Greece Montenegro Romania Serbia The Spark • Serbia is looking to bring Slavic nations like Bosnia into their nation – Russia is willing to support this • Austria-Hungary isn’t excited about this • Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie visit Sarajevo – In Bosnia – Assassinated by a Serb The Great War Begins • Austria-Hungary wants to punish Serbia • Russia supports Serbia • Russia & Austria-Hungary start throwing punches • Its on! The Romance of War • War is scene as an adventure, its exciting, honorable, gentlemanly • Last Major War? Hi, I’m reality, hiding in the back. Most of us will be dead soon…or at least missing a limb. – Napoleonic Wars • Minor Skirmishes – – – – Crimean War Franco-Prussian War Spanish-American War Russo-Japanese War I’m super psyched! In the Wake of Assassination • Allied Powers – – – – – – – – – Great Britain France Russia Italy Serbia Belgium Romania Greece Japan • Central Powers – – – – Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman Empire The Schlieffen Plan • Created by General Alfred Graf von Schlieffen • Plan of attack for a two front war • Western Front – France – Attacked first • Eastern Front – Russia – Attacked second – Slow to mobilize The Western Front • Belgium is quickly overrun • The war hits a stalemate when the Central Powers hit the French Border • This begins Trench Warfare – Nasty – Horrible – Pointless Trench Warfare • Long, arduous struggle for little to no land • Land between trenches was called “No Man’s Land” • Soldiers lived in the trenches – This is an example of Trench Foot – Basically living in a ditch The Eastern Front • Russia and its eastern allies vs. Germany, Austria-Hungary and its allies • Russia struggled from the outset – Behind in technology – Slow to deliver troops and supplies – Slow to manufacture supplies and weapons • Eventually, Russia will be forced to drop out of the war A Truly Global War • The war spread to territories beyond Europe – Africa – Southwest Asia – Southeast Asia New Technology: Machine Gun New Technology: Submarine New Technology: Airplanes New Technology: Poison Gas New Technology: Tanks A New Style of Warfare • New technologies make warfare more effective – More Killing • New concepts – Espionage • New ideas – Medical Discoveries • New Inventions – Sea Faring Vessels • New Feelings – Not as fun as we thought Total War • Countries devote all of their resources to the war effort • Factories alter their production to suit the war • Rationing is also a regular practice • Propaganda keeps morale high Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • This method was tried in 1915 – Killed several Americans – Lusitania – Stopped at fear of US entry into the war • Fast forward two years • Germany is starving – Bad crops – British Blockade • Germany begins attacking ships around Great Britain in 1917 The Zimmermann Note • Britain intercepted this message from Germany to Mexico • Note promised Mexico lost land if they helped Germany defeat the US United States Joins the Cause • After the Unrestricted Submarine Warfare and the Zimmermann Note the United States joins the Allies • They had been supporting the cause already – Lending money – Selling goods Russia is Out…Quitters! • Czar Nicholas cannot control his country • People are upset with both the war and the government • Vladimir Lenin seized power of the Russian Government • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk is signed The End • Germany focuses all of its attention on the Western Front • US troops provide a fresh face to the Allies • The Allies eventually begin to move into Germany • Kaiser Wilhelm II is forced to step down • November 1918…Armistice The Paris Peace Conference So, who do we • Future Peace vs. Revenge • USA & the 14 Points • Europe & the Blame Game • The peace agreements that followed World War I solved little • The shaky peace deal is what lead to World War II Germany! blame for this debacle? Serbia? No wait, Germany! Germany! A Changing Europe