Transcript Document

*World War I:
THE GREAT WAR*
1
Europe in 1900

Five main powers in Europe at the
beginning of the 1900’s
1. Austria-Hungary
2. France
3. Germany
4. Great Britain
5. Russia
Match each of the above
A
E
D
B
C
2
Europe in 1900

Five main powers in Europe
at the beginning of the
1900’s
A. Great Britain
B. France
C. Austria-Hungary
D. Germany
E. Russia
3
Heads of State: ‘All in the Family’
in World War I
 All
were grandchildren of
Queen Victoria of England
 Great Britain
King George V – on the right
 Russia
Czar Nicholas II -- on the left
 Germany
Kaiser Wilhelm II

Other relatives – Sweden, Norway, Spain,
Belgium, German former provinces
4
Heads of State of
World War I
 Austria-Hungary
King Franz Joseph II
 United States of
America
Pres. Woodrow
Wilson
 France
Pres. Raymond
Ponincare
5
*FACTORS that led to WAR*
1.
2.
3.
4.
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialis
m
Nationalism
6
*MILITARISM
Glorifying military power and keeping a
standing army – always prepared for
war.
To be great, a nation must have a
powerful military.
Maintaining a large and
strong military made
citizens feel patriotic.
7
*ALLIANCES
A binding
agreement
between nations.
Triple Alliance =
Germany, Italy,
& Austria-Hungary
Triple Entente = Russia,
France, & Great Britain
*A repercussion of alliances made before and during World War I was
that they involved more countries in conflicts
8
*IMPERIALISM*
*A Stronger nation
dominates a weaker nation
in a competition for
colonies = creates
conflicts between nations
over colonies
*Imperialism + Militarism
= As countries gain
colonies, their militaries
MUST grow to protect
them!
9
*NATIONALISM
Loyalty to a nation or culture
rather than a monarchy or
empire.
Competition among nations
for:
1. territory
2. independence
3. new markets & resources
10
The Soldier-by Rupert Brooke
“If I should die, think only this of me:
That there’s some corner of a foreign field
That is for every England. There shall be
In the rich earth a richer dust concealed;
A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware,
Gave, one, her flowers to love, her ways to roam,
A body of England’s breathing English air,
Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home…”
*Which idea is expressed
in this excerpt from
Brooke’s poem?
a.Pacifism
b.Imperialism
c.Militarism
d.Nationalism
11
*CRISIS-The POWDER KEG = the
BALKAN PENINSULA
 *Referred to
as the Powder Keg of
Europe because of their Nationalistic
Rivalries
 The Ottoman Empire leaves the
Balkans causing a power vacuum.
 Slavic people desire independence.
 Austria-Hungary hopes to strengthen
power base by annexing the Balkans.
 Russia vows to aid all Slavic peoples
in the Balkans.
12
Assassination at Sarajevo
 Archduke
Francis Ferdinand, heir
to the Austrian throne, & his wife
Sophie visit Sarajevo.
 June 28, 1914 the Archduke and
wife are assassinated by Gavrilo
Princip, a member of the Black
Hand.
 Princip was a Serbian
nationalist seeking
independence.
13
*The GREAT WAR Begins*
*The assassination of
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand and his wife =
event that ignites the
Great War because strong
national rivalries and
alliances propelled
countries into war.
14
Austria-Hungary
DEMANDS:
 Serbia
dismiss any officials who had promoted
propaganda against Austria-Hungary
 Austria-Hungarian judges would conduct the trial of
the accused in the assassination plot
 Serbia had 48 hours to accept these demands or
Austria-Hungary would declare war
15
Nicholas II Telegram to Wilhelm II
“I am glad you are back. In this most serious
moment, I appeal to you to help me. A …war
has been declared upon a weak country
(Serbia). The resentment in Russia, shared fully
by me is enormous. I forsee that soon I shall be
overwhelmed by the pressure upon me, and be
forced to take extreme measures that will lead to
war. To try and avoid such a (disaster) as a
European war, I beg you in the name of our old
friendship to do what you can to stop you allies
from going to war.”
-Nicky
*Nicholas hoped diplomacy
could prevent war!!!!!
16
Mobilization of Europe

Russia prepares
to defend
Serbia
 Russia expects
Germany to aid
AustriaHungary &
sends troops to
German border
 Russia ignored
German
warning

Germany supports
Austria-Hungary
 Germany demands
Russia cancel its
troop mobilization or
face war
 Germany declared
war on Russia on
Aug. 1, 1914
 Germany declares
war on France on
Aug. 3, 1914
17
*WORLD WAR I, The Great War*
CENTRAL POWERS
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
ALLIED POWERS- Allies
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Russia
Romania
Greece
Balkans
– Serbia
– Albania
– Montenegro
18
Ticket Out
 Read Spotlight On
 *Answer this question
on your ticket: During
WWI which group of
people, mostly
Christians, were victims
of mass murder due to
distrust and suspicion?
19