Transcript Slide 1

Chapter 29
The Great War
World War I (1914-1918)
Learning Objectives
1. By the end of the chapter students will be able to:
A. List factors and events that led to WWI
B. Describe military actions on the Western and Eastern
fronts
C. Summarize the spread of the conflict and effects of the
war
D. Explain the effects of the Treaty of Versailles on
European powers
Activity 1
• ABC Brainstorming Chart
Activity 2
On a sheet of paper, complete each line below. Please write out
the beginning phrase, too.
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War is _____
I wonder ______
I hear ______
I want ______
I pretend _____
I feel ____
I worry ____
I cry ____
I try ____
I understand ____
I say to you ____
I dream ____
I care ____
I hope ____
War is ____
Background and Video Clip
• World War I :
(1914 – 1918) European war between alliances of
Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United
States versus the alliance of Germany, AustriaHungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria.
• At what cost?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOq8iG20iuQ
• http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/resources/casd
eath_pop.html
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXqppJL88U&feature=related
Section 1
• Causes of Great War (WWI)
– Alliances and boundary disputes
– Nationalism: can serve as unifying force and cause intense
competition
• Assassination
– Imperialism
– Militarism
Nationalism
• Europe’ great powers:
– Germany
– Austria-Hungary (AH)
– Great Britain (GB)
– Russia
– Italy
– France
• Reasons for rivalry
– Competition for materials
– Territorial disputes
• France loses Alsace-Lorraine to Germany
• Austria absorbs Bosnia-Herzegovinia (Balkan Wars)
• Austria-Hungary: transfer so often region had 3 alphabets, 3 religions, and
eleven language groups
• Nationalism in Balkans: Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians demand Independence
from Russia and Austria-Hungary
Imperialism and Militarism
• Militarism = the policy of glorifying a military power and keeping the it
prepared for war
• Imperialism and nationalism led to increased production of goods and
economic stability
– Results in arms race
• Aggressive attitude of policy drove nations into producing more weaponry
– Navies and armored vehicles.
Who’s with whom?
• Alliance system originally
designed to keep peace
• Otto von Bismarck (Prussia)
– Uses war to unify
Germany
– Sees France as great
threat and tries to isolate
her
• Forms dual alliance b/t
Germany and AustriaHungary
– Italy joins forming the
original Triple Alliance
Alliances Shift and Peace Threatened
• Germany changes foreign policy
– Kaiser Wilhelm II forces Bismarck to resign
– Army (militarism) becomes source of pride
• Germany’s treaty with Russia ends
– Russia forms alliance with France
– War with either Russia or France made Germany the
enemy of both
– Makes Germany fight on its eastern and western borders
• Wilhelm begins massive shipbuilding program
– GB forms alliance with France and later Russia
• Triple Entente: France, Russia, and Great Britain
• Original Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
(later with entente)
Balkans
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Known as a powder keg
– Homes to many ethnic groups
– Long history of nationalist uprisings and
ethnic clashes
Ottoman empire (Balkan region) in decline
Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, Montenegro formed
new nations
– Nationalism powerful
Serbia (Slavic people) wanted to absorb all
Slavs in Balkans
– Russia is mostly Slavic and supports Serbia
• Austria-Hungary (north of Serbia)
opposes
– Fears Slavic rebellion
– AH (1908) annexes Bosnia/Herzegovina
• Tensions b/t AH and Serbia rise
– Each threatens to destroy the other
The Shot
• Serbian nationalists viewed Austria-Hungary as oppressors
• On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his
wife are assassinated
– Sarajevo (Capital of Bosnia)
• Serbian terrorist group known as the Black Hand takes responsibility
• The Black Hand was a secret society prepared to fight for independence of
Serbia.
• Gavrilo Princip, 19, responsible for assassination
– Member of Black Hand
HARSH ULTIMATUM
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To avoid war, Austria-Hungary offered Serbia an ultimatum.
1)
Serbia must end all anti-Austrian agitation
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Serbia must punish any official involved in the murder plot of the
Archduke
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Austria must be allowed to join in the investigation
Serbia agreed to most, but not all of the terms.
Austria takes opportunity to declare war on Serbia on July 28, 1914.
Russia (Serbian ally) mobilizes troops near Austrian border