Transcript Chapter 8
CHAPTER 8
World War I
Causes of World War
Extreme
pride, devotion
to a country
Leads to:
Competition for POWER!
Ottoman Empire falling
apart
Austria-Hungary pushed
into Serbia
Slavs push back, ask for
help from Russia
Causes of World War
Nations
compete for
overseas colonies
Great Britain and
France had colonies in
Africa, Middle East,
Asia
Kaiser Wilhelm II
wanted colonies
Needed…
Causes of World War
Policy
of military
preparedness and
building up of weapons
1900: Germany builds
up navy to compete with
Great Britain
Begins to create war
strategies
:
2 front war with Russia
& France
Surprise attack on
France through Belgium
Causes of World War
For
protection
Created to
maintain
peace!
Germany
AustriaHungary
Italy
France
Russia
Great
Britain
: EACH NATION/ ALLIANCE HAD EQUAL STRENGTH
Predict: How will the alliance system lead to war?
Death of an Archduke
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand (heir to the
Austrian throne) went to
Serbia to inspect his
troops
He brought his wife
Sophie
Gavrilo Princip, a
Serbian NATIONALIST
who didn’t like Austria
Hungary shot both
How does an Archduke lead to a WORLD
WAR?
European Alliances Made
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria Hungary, Italy
Triple Entente
England, France, Russia
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austria-Hungary blames Serbia
Russia promises to protect
Serbia
Russian army mobilized troops, preparing for war
Germany views Russian mobilization as a threat against their ally Austria Hungary
How does an Archduke lead to a WORLD
WAR?
Germany declares WAR against Russia
Germany decides to make first move and invade neutral
country: BELGIUM
Great Britain had promised
to defend Belgium
Great Britain declared war
on Germany
Alliances become War POWERS
Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Allied Powers
England
France
Russia
Collins Type II
How did the death of an Archduke lead to a
WORLD war?
As the war began…
France still wore their old
Imperial Uniforms
And their strategy hadn’t
changed
Line
up
Fire and CHARGE!
Forward
Germans wore earth tones
And used
Machine Gun lead to
Trench Warfare!
Trenches
Trench Warfare led to
New and improved weapons
•Barbed wire
•Poison gas
•Grenades
•Flame Thrower
•Tanks
•Submarines
• Blimps
•Airplanes
Draw your own trench with weapons
Trench warfare also led to
Trench foot!
Trench Reenactment Game
Triple Entente
Triple Alliance
Build “Trenches” with backpacks and desks
Use new “weapons” to tag other side
If you are hit you are OUT, come to the front of the room
Last person standing wins
Send people out to pick up weapons, at their RISK
Take contract SERIOUSLY
Where is the United States?
: a POLICY of NOT GETTING INVOLVED
UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE
Germany would fire on any ship aiding the Allied
Powers
The Lusitania
Zimmermann Telegram
From Germany to Mexico
Asked Mexico to threaten the US to stay out of the
war OR ELSE!
Why would Mexico be better to threaten the US?
IF the US declared war on Germany,
Mexico would declare war on the US
After a German victory in WWI, Mexico would get:
Texas, Arizona and New Mexico (land taken by US)
Selective Service Act
May 18,
1917
Men between the ages of 21-30
required to register to be drafted
African
American soldiers were
segregated
Believed they would be a threat after war
Latinos went through English training
before fighting
Harlem Hell
Fighters
191 days
Convoy System
Destroyers
or cruisers
would
surround
trooptransport
ships for
protection
Allied Setbacks
1917Bolsheviks, or
Communists,
took over
Russia.
Vladimir Lenin
made peace
with Germany
Now it was a
ONE front war
How did America help win WWI?
We provided new energy, fresh troops, new
money and weapons
Home Front
Regulating
Posters,
Food &
newspaper
Fuel:
Savings
stories,
bonds
speechesthat
Conserve
designed
to
were a loan
at
home,
influence
to the
people’s
supply
the
government
opinions
troops
Schenk V. United States
Limits to
freedom of
speech
during war
-clear and
present
danger
All Quiet on the Western Front
Why did the soldier dehumanize himself
and others?
Trench life was horrible
Killing others was horrible
Watching your friends die, being afraid
to die yourself, must be horrible as well
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Why did Americans help win WWI?
We provided fresh troops, not wary from
fighting
For the first time, the Allies went on the offense
Armistice - peace
November 11,
1918:
Armistice went
into effect
Guns fell silent
8.5 MILLION
people killed
“war to end all
wars?”
Late 1918
War
crippling German economy
Civilians lacked food
Food riots and strikes erupted in Germany
Revolution swept across Austria-Hungary
Central Powers couldn’t get soldiers to
fight
Austria-Hungary signed a peace
agreement with allies
Germany surrendered its aircraft,
artillery, tanks, U-Boats
Fourteen Points
What we demand…is that the world be
made fit and safe to live in; and
particularly that it be made safe for
every peace loving nation which, like
our own, wishes to live its own life,
determine its own institutions, be
assured of justice and fair dealing by
the other peoples of the world as
against force and selfish aggression
Paris Peace Conference
Wilson went to Paris to lead peace
talks
Republicans and others thought he
should have stayed home to put the
country back together
Wilson believed a lasting peace
required an unbiased leader
: international
peacekeeping group of countries
The Treaty of Versailles
June 1919
Woodrow Wilson USA
David Lloyd-George Great Britain
The Big Four
Georges Clemenceau France
Vittorio Orlando Italy
The Big Four at Versailles in 1919
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
9 NEW COUNTRIES:
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
POLAND
YUGOSLAVIA
ESTONIA
Far
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
FINLAND
HUNGARY
IRAQ
MUCH harsher than Wilson wanted
Forced Germany to disarm its military
: payments for damages
and expenses caused by war
exceeded what Germany could pay
Demanded Germany accept sole
responsibility
Established a League of Nations
IMPACT OF WWI
14 million
dead
7 million
permanent
ly
disabled
Monarchies overthrown:
Russia,
Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Ottoman Empire
$280
BILLION
US emerges as world’s leading
economic power
Europe lost an entire generation of
young men
France was destroyed, England in debt
Germany crippled by reparations
Before……………………After