Transcript Chapter 8
CHAPTER 8 World War I Causes of World War Extreme pride, devotion to a country Leads to: Competition for POWER! Ottoman Empire falling apart Austria-Hungary pushed into Serbia Slavs push back, ask for help from Russia Causes of World War Nations compete for overseas colonies Great Britain and France had colonies in Africa, Middle East, Asia Kaiser Wilhelm II wanted colonies Needed… Causes of World War Policy of military preparedness and building up of weapons 1900: Germany builds up navy to compete with Great Britain Begins to create war strategies : 2 front war with Russia & France Surprise attack on France through Belgium Causes of World War For protection Created to maintain peace! Germany AustriaHungary Italy France Russia Great Britain : EACH NATION/ ALLIANCE HAD EQUAL STRENGTH Predict: How will the alliance system lead to war? Death of an Archduke Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austrian throne) went to Serbia to inspect his troops He brought his wife Sophie Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian NATIONALIST who didn’t like Austria Hungary shot both How does an Archduke lead to a WORLD WAR? European Alliances Made Triple Alliance Germany, Austria Hungary, Italy Triple Entente England, France, Russia Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria-Hungary blames Serbia Russia promises to protect Serbia Russian army mobilized troops, preparing for war Germany views Russian mobilization as a threat against their ally Austria Hungary How does an Archduke lead to a WORLD WAR? Germany declares WAR against Russia Germany decides to make first move and invade neutral country: BELGIUM Great Britain had promised to defend Belgium Great Britain declared war on Germany Alliances become War POWERS Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Italy Allied Powers England France Russia Collins Type II How did the death of an Archduke lead to a WORLD war? As the war began… France still wore their old Imperial Uniforms And their strategy hadn’t changed Line up Fire and CHARGE! Forward Germans wore earth tones And used Machine Gun lead to Trench Warfare! Trenches Trench Warfare led to New and improved weapons •Barbed wire •Poison gas •Grenades •Flame Thrower •Tanks •Submarines • Blimps •Airplanes Draw your own trench with weapons Trench warfare also led to Trench foot! Trench Reenactment Game Triple Entente Triple Alliance Build “Trenches” with backpacks and desks Use new “weapons” to tag other side If you are hit you are OUT, come to the front of the room Last person standing wins Send people out to pick up weapons, at their RISK Take contract SERIOUSLY Where is the United States? : a POLICY of NOT GETTING INVOLVED UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE Germany would fire on any ship aiding the Allied Powers The Lusitania Zimmermann Telegram From Germany to Mexico Asked Mexico to threaten the US to stay out of the war OR ELSE! Why would Mexico be better to threaten the US? IF the US declared war on Germany, Mexico would declare war on the US After a German victory in WWI, Mexico would get: Texas, Arizona and New Mexico (land taken by US) Selective Service Act May 18, 1917 Men between the ages of 21-30 required to register to be drafted African American soldiers were segregated Believed they would be a threat after war Latinos went through English training before fighting Harlem Hell Fighters 191 days Convoy System Destroyers or cruisers would surround trooptransport ships for protection Allied Setbacks 1917Bolsheviks, or Communists, took over Russia. Vladimir Lenin made peace with Germany Now it was a ONE front war How did America help win WWI? We provided new energy, fresh troops, new money and weapons Home Front Regulating Posters, Food & newspaper Fuel: Savings stories, bonds speechesthat Conserve designed to were a loan at home, influence to the people’s supply the government opinions troops Schenk V. United States Limits to freedom of speech during war -clear and present danger All Quiet on the Western Front Why did the soldier dehumanize himself and others? Trench life was horrible Killing others was horrible Watching your friends die, being afraid to die yourself, must be horrible as well Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Why did Americans help win WWI? We provided fresh troops, not wary from fighting For the first time, the Allies went on the offense Armistice - peace November 11, 1918: Armistice went into effect Guns fell silent 8.5 MILLION people killed “war to end all wars?” Late 1918 War crippling German economy Civilians lacked food Food riots and strikes erupted in Germany Revolution swept across Austria-Hungary Central Powers couldn’t get soldiers to fight Austria-Hungary signed a peace agreement with allies Germany surrendered its aircraft, artillery, tanks, U-Boats Fourteen Points What we demand…is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression Paris Peace Conference Wilson went to Paris to lead peace talks Republicans and others thought he should have stayed home to put the country back together Wilson believed a lasting peace required an unbiased leader : international peacekeeping group of countries The Treaty of Versailles June 1919 Woodrow Wilson USA David Lloyd-George Great Britain The Big Four Georges Clemenceau France Vittorio Orlando Italy The Big Four at Versailles in 1919 TREATY OF VERSAILLES 9 NEW COUNTRIES: CZECHOSLOVAKIA POLAND YUGOSLAVIA ESTONIA Far LATVIA LITHUANIA FINLAND HUNGARY IRAQ MUCH harsher than Wilson wanted Forced Germany to disarm its military : payments for damages and expenses caused by war exceeded what Germany could pay Demanded Germany accept sole responsibility Established a League of Nations IMPACT OF WWI 14 million dead 7 million permanent ly disabled Monarchies overthrown: Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire $280 BILLION US emerges as world’s leading economic power Europe lost an entire generation of young men France was destroyed, England in debt Germany crippled by reparations Before……………………After