Transcript Slide 1
Causes of World War I Causes of World War I - M MANIA ilitarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war A lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another N ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country I mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically A ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand Militarism Industrialization offered new methods of shipbuilding and the use of steel, iron, and chemicals for warfare Conscription military draft – Became common in many countries between 1890-1914 Militarism aggressive preparation for war Military leaders began to create vast and complex plans that political leaders soon became unable to alter Causes of World War I - Militarism Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, Britain, Russia) in millions of £s (British pounds) 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914 94 130 154 268 289 398 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73% Alliances Loose alliances began to form at the same time that rivalries over colonies and trade grew Alliance An agreement or friendship between two or more parties, made in order to advance common goals and to secure common interests Causes of World War I - Alliances Triple Entente: Triple Alliance: Great Britain Germany France Austria-Hungary Tension Russia Italy Nationalism Nationalism Strong identification with a particular country or region Not all ethnic groups became countries during this time – Slavic minorities still wanted their own nations within the Balkans and Austro-Hungarian Empires – Irish in the British Empire – Poles in the Russian Empire Causes of World War I - Nationalism Pan-Germanism - movement to unify the people of all German speaking countries Germanic Countries Austria * Belgium Denmark Iceland Germany * Liechtenstein * Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Sweden Switzerland * United Kingdom * = German speaking country Causes of World War I - Nationalism Pan-Slavism - movement to unify all of the Slavic people Imperialism: European nations were competing to take over as many colonies as possible! Imperialism Imperialism - The policy of extending a nation's authority by taking over other nation’s territories, political organizations, and economies Imperialism directly rivaled nationalism in the colonies of the imperial powers Causes of World War I - Imperialism Causes of World War I - Imperialism Assassination Serbia, supported by Russia, was determined to create a large, independent Slavic state in the Balkans Austria-Hungary was determined to prevent this formation June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis (Franz) Ferdinand visited Sarajevo in Bosnia Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb, wanted Bosnia free from Austrian control and assassinated the Archduke and his wife Causes of World War I - Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie Sarajevo, Bosnia - June 28th, 1914. Causes of World War I - Assassination Causes of World War I - Assassination Causes of World War I - Assassination Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia. Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary. · example of Pan-German nationalism Russia pledged their support for Serbia. · example of Pan-Slavic nationalism The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Germany declares war on Russia. France pledges their support for Russia. Germany declares war on France. Germany invades Belgium on the way to France. Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany. Allied Powers: Central Powers: Germany Great Britain France Austria-Hungary World War I Russia Ottoman Empire Italy