Transcript The Great War—1914-1918

Unit 4—World War I
Enduring Understandings
1. Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and
alliances propelled the industrialized nations into a
devastating world war.
2. Advancement of technology changed the
nature of global conflict and cooperation.
3. Cooperation among nations may not
necessarily be fair for all parties.
What do you remember?
 Scientific Revolution
 Enlightenment
 French Revolution
 Napoleon / Congress of Vienna
 Nationalism
 Industrial Revolution
 Capitalism
 Communism
 Imperialism
Enduring Understandings
1. Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances propelled the industrialized
nations into a devastating world war.
2. Advancement of technology changed the nature of global conflict and cooperation.
3. Cooperation among nations may not necessarily be fair for all parties.
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2.
3.
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6.
Turn in core assessment – electronically drop in my drop box
Get handouts from front table
Read the WWI story book project directions – questions?
Introduction to WWI – take notes
Watch video clips
Watch Days that Shook the World – the Assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand – answer questions on handout
 Nationalism
 Imperialism
 Militarism
 Alliances
 Crisis in the
Balkans
 Assassination of
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
 European nations
formed military alliances
with one another to
maintain a balance of
power and preserve
peace across the
continent
 1882—Triple Alliance
formed
 1907—Triple Entente
formed
 By 1900s, power of Ottoman Empire in
rapid decline
 Various ethnic groups sought to break free
from Turkish rule, while new nations were
formed and wanted to expand
 Desired to control trade routes in
Mediterranean region
 Balkan region referred to as “powder keg” of
Europe
 Serbian nationalism forces a wedge
between Russia and Austria-Hungary
 A Serbian nationalist assassinates the
Austro-Hungarian archduke and
archduchess in Sarajevo
 Austria issues an ultimatum to Serbia,
rejects Serbia’s offer to negotiate, and
declares war
 Nations begin to mobilize
Why do you
want me
dead?
Because you are the
enemy…and your
mustache is better
than mine.
p.s. We Serbs do not
want Austria-Hungary
to run our country –
Serbs for Serbia!!!
Video intermission - the exciting story of
Days that Shook the World – the
Assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
 European nations are divided
into Central Powers and Allies
 When Russia mobilizes along
the German border, Germany
declares war on Russia and
France
 The German declaration of
war brings Great Britain into
the conflict
 Continental Europe is at war
with itself; other nations will
join later as the war spreads
worldwide
 Label map of 1914 Europe
o Refer to page 365 in your textbook
o Be sure to identify the alliance systems on your map
 Read primary source—The Murder of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
o Assume the identity of a citizen of Austria-Hungary;
you’ve just been told of the assassination of the
archduke, heir to your empire’s throne. Record a
one-paragraph response that describes your
reaction to the event and what you think A/H
should do in response to the attack
 Nationalism spurs competition among European nations
 Imperialism deepens national rivalries
 Militarism leads to large standing armies
 Alliances - Members of the Triple Entente join the Allies;
members of the Triple Alliance join the Central Powers;
additionally, many colonial subjects were recruited to serve
 A weakening Ottoman Empire leads to a crisis in the
Balkans
 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand leads to
the beginning of World War I, as Austria declares war on
Serbia
Allied Powers
Central Powers
 France
 Germany
 Russia
 Austria-Hungary
 Great Britain
 Japan (1914)
 United States (1917)
 Italy (1915)
o Claimed that its membership
in the Triple Alliance had been
a defensive strategy
o Felt that Germany had made
unprovoked attack on Belgium
 Bulgaria
 Ottoman Empire
 As nations mobilize for war,
Germany employs the Schlieffen
Plan
 It was thought that Russia—with
its lack of railroads—would have
difficulty mobilizing its troops
 Violation of Belgian neutrality
brings Great Britain into the war
 The Allied victory at the Marne breaks the back of
the Schlieffen Plan
 Trench warfare and the failure to capture new
ground make life on the Western Front an ongoing
horror
 New weapons of war—machine guns (much
improved by the time of WWI), tanks, poison gas,
airplanes, submarines, etc.—are used in battles
along the Western Front
 Despite major battles and horrific casualties,
neither side advances
Click on image to view video
 Russians and Serbs battle Germans,
Austrians, and Turks along the Eastern Front
 Without modern technology, the Russian
army was continually short on food, guns,
ammunition, clothes, boots, and blankets;
hangs on through sheer strength of its
numbers
 Allies are unable to ship war supplies to
Russia’s ports
Assume the identity of a
World War I soldier
fighting along the
Western Front. Write a
letter home to a
relative/friend in which
you describe your
experience on the
frontline. Your twoparagraph letter must
include the following
information…
Where you are
 The year
 Your condition
 What combat is
like
 Your
hopes/feelings
 By early 1915 it is apparent that chances for
an abbreviated conflict have passed
 World War I spreads to several continents;
Germany’s colonial possessions are seized
by the Allies as colonial subjects are
recruited for service
 Allied Powers sought a means to end the
stalemate; Gallipoli campaign begins in 1915
 Allied expansion, war
moves beyond Europe
 Purpose of campaign was
numerous…
o Secure the Dardanelles
Strait
o Capture Constantinople
o Defeat Turks
o Establish supply line to
Russia
 Effort fails, yet another
stalemate
Why?
 Germany’s
unrestricted submarine
warfare policy
 Attack on Lusitania (1915)
 Zimmermann Note
 Economic/cultural ties with Allies
 World War I becomes a
total war, and
governments take
control of national
economies
 In the U.S. and Europe,
citizens undergo
rationing of goods
 With millions of men at
the front, many women
go to work in factories
and elsewhere
 By 1917, the Russian
government nears
collapse as civil unrest
and wartime shortages
plague the empire
 Czar Nicholas II
abdicates his throne in
March 1917
 Russia pulls out of the
war in early 1918
 Lenin seizes power
 With Russia’s withdrawal,
Germany achieves a victory
on the Eastern Front
 Though Germany’s eastern
troops head west, fresh
American troops give the
Allies an edge to win the
second Battle of the Marne
 The Kaiser abdicates, and
Germany and the Allies sign
an armistice, ending the war
on November 11th, 1918
Because World War I spread to several continents, it
required the full resources of many governments, thus
making it a “total war.” Using this idea of the “total
war” concept, create a propaganda piece calling on
Americans to join the war effort. Your war poster
must be done neatly, include color, and convey a
message justifying the American war effort. Examples
of WWI propaganda can be seen on pgs. 360 & 367.
Please produce your propaganda piece on a single sheet
of printer paper and include a one-paragraph
explanation as to the message of your work. Good luck!
 Assume the role of one of the





“Big Four”
Read directions carefully
Answer the questions listed
Draw the borders of the
postwar world that you desire
and present your map to your
group members
Compromise and create a
map of postwar Europe that
satisfies each person in your
group
Time: ~ 45 minutes
 Conference to establish terms of peace after WWI
 Represented by the “Big Four”
o Woodrow Wilson, president of the United States
(14 points proposal—see handout)
o Georges Clemenceau, prime minister of France
o David Lloyd George, prime minister of Great
Britain
o Vittorio Orlando, prime minister of Italy
 Not represented—Russia, Germany, German allies
 Treaty punishes Germany
o Excludes Germany from League of Nations
o Seizes all colonial possessions in Africa and the Pacific
o Restricted the size and activities of its military
o Forced to accept full responsibility for the war
o Required to pay war reparations
 Creates new nations (see map 1918 Europe—pg. 382 or
857)
 Establishes a League of Nations, an international
organization whose goal would be to keep peace among
nations
 The war leaves 8.5 million
soldiers dead and 21 million
wounded, as well as millions of
civilians dead and wounded
 The war costs $338 billion,
destroys land and towns in
Europe and Russia, and causes
disillusionment in society, as
an entire generation of
Europeans is lost
 Treaty of Versailles would not
lead to a lasting peace, but
instead serve as a cause of
WWII
 Read “Just one doughboy
remains from the Great
War”
 On the back of the paper
record a one-paragraph
response that answers the
following questions: Why
is it important to
recognize and celebrate
the life of someone like
Frank Buckles? What can
we learn from his story?