Transcript Bacterial STI’s

Bacterial STI’s
Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis
Bacterial STI’s
• Bacterial STI’s are curable; drugs
(antibiotics) can be designed to kill the
bacteria because they are a distinct living
organism.
• Bacteria may develop a tolerance to
current drugs
Chlamydia
• Most frequently
reported bacterial STI
in the United States.
How do people get
Chlamydia?
 Chlamydia can be
transmitted during
vaginal, anal, or oral
sex. Chlamydia can
also be passed from an
infected mother to her
baby during vaginal
childbirth.
Symptoms
Male
 Unusual white
discharge
 Painful burning
urination
 Repeated urge to
urinate
Females
 Vaginal discharge
 Pelvic pain
 Bleeding/ spotting
between menstrual
cycles
Consequences/ Prevention
• If left untreated, can lead to reproductive
damage and short and long term health
problems
Prevention
Abstinence is the only 100% choice to
protect against STI’s.
Latex Condoms used correctly and
consistently can reduce the risk of
transmission.
Gonorrhea
The “Clap” The “Drip”
Transmission
• sexual contact through
the penis, vagina, mouth ,
anus.
Prevention
• The surest way to avoid
transmission of STDs is
to abstain from sexual
intercourse
• Latex condoms, when
used consistently and
correctly, can reduce the
risk of transmission of
gonorrhea.
Symptoms
• Males
1. Creamy discharge
2. Burning urination
3. Constant running
discharge
• Females
1. 80% show no signs
2. Slight burning
3. Frequent urination
Consequence
Slight chance of infertility
Syphilis
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Syphilis is passed from person to
person through direct contact with
a syphilis sore.
Sores occur mainly on the
external genitals, vagina, anus, or
in the rectum. Sores also can
occur on the lips and in the mouth.
Transmission
occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral
sex.
Prevention
The surest way to avoid
transmission of STDs is to abstain
from sexual intercourse
Latex condoms, when used
consistently and correctly, can
reduce the risk of transmission of
Syphilis.
Symptoms
• 4 stages
1. Formation of small sores on the
genitals
2. Swollen lymph nodes and joint
pain.
3. Latent stage- no signs
4. paralysis, numbness, gradual
blindness, and dementia. This
damage may be serious enough
to cause death.
Viral STI’s
Viral STI’s are incurable; drugs (antiviral)
can be designed to treat the symptoms,
but to kill the virus, you would need to kill
the host cell.
HPV, HSV1 and HSV2, HIV
HPV
human papillomavirus
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(HPV) is the most common sexually
transmitted infection (STI).
Transmission
Genital HPV is passed on through genital
contact, most often during vaginal and
anal sex.
A person can have HPV even if years
have passed since he or she had sex.
Most infected persons do not realize they
are infected or that they are passing the
virus to a sex partner.
Prevention
A vaccine can now protect females from
the four types of HPV that cause most
cervical cancers and genital warts
condoms may lower the risk of HPV but
HPV can infect areas that are not
covered by a condom—so condoms may
not fully protect against HPV.
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Symptoms
Genital warts usually appear as small
bumps or groups of bumps, usually in the
genital area.
Warts may appear within weeks or
months after sexual contact with an
infected person. Or, they may not appear
at all. If left untreated, genital warts may
go away, remain unchanged, or increase
in size or number. They will not turn into
cancer.
Cervical cancer does not have
symptoms until it is quite advanced. For
this reason, it is important for women to
get screened regularly for cervical
cancer.
At least 50% of sexually active men and
women acquire genital HPV infection at
some point in their lives.
Genital Herpes
• Genital Herpes is a sexually transmitted disease (STD)
caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) or type
2 (HSV-2). Most genital herpes is caused by HSV-2.
• HSV-1 and HSV-2 can be found in and released from the
sores that the viruses cause, but they also are released
between outbreaks from skin that does not appear to have a
sore.
• Generally, a person can only get HSV-2 infection during
sexual contact with someone who has a genital HSV-2
infection. Transmission can occur from an infected partner
who does not have a visible sore and may not know that he or
she is infected.
• HSV-1 can cause genital herpes, but it more commonly
causes infections of the mouth and lips, so-called “fever
blisters.” HSV-1 infection of the genitals can be caused by
oral-genital or genital-genital contact with a person who has
HSV-1 infection. Genital HSV-1 outbreaks recur less regularly
than genital HSV-2 outbreaks.
Symptoms
Prevention
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Genital herpes can cause
recurrent painful genital sores in
many adults, and herpes infection
can be severe in people with
suppressed immune systems.
Genital HSV can lead to
potentially fatal infections in
babies. It is important that women
avoid contracting herpes during
pregnancy because a newly
acquired infection during late
pregnancy poses a greater risk of
transmission to the baby.
Herpes may play a role in the
spread of HIV, the virus that
causes AIDS. Herpes can make
people more susceptible to HIV
infection, and it can make HIVinfected individuals more
infectious.
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The surest way to avoid
transmission of STDs is to abstain
from sexual intercourse
Genital ulcer diseases can occur
in both male and female genital
areas that are covered or
protected by a latex condom, as
well as in areas that are not
covered. Correct and consistent
use of latex condoms can reduce
the risk of genital herpes.
Persons with herpes should
abstain from sexual activity with
uninfected partners when lesions
or other symptoms of herpes are
present.
HIV
• Scientists identified a
type of chimpanzee in
West Africa as the source
of HIV infection in
humans. The virus most
likely jumped to humans
when humans hunted
these chimpanzees for
meat and came into
contact with their infected
blood. Over several
years, the virus slowly
spread across Africa and
later into other parts of
the world
• HIV was first identified in
the United States in 1981
after a number of gay
men started getting sick
with a rare type of cancer.
It took several years for
scientists to develop a
test for the virus, to
understand how HIV was
transmitted between
humans, and to
determine what people
could do to protect
themselves.
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
• HIV is different from most other viruses because it attacks the
immune system.
• HIV finds and destroys a type of white blood cell (T cells or CD4
cells) that the immune system must have to fight disease.
• Normal T-Cell count= 40, 000. When an individual infected with HIV
has a T-Cell count fall below 200, that person is classified as having
full blown AIDS.
• AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS is the
final stage of HIV infection. It can take years for a person infected
with HIV
How HIV Is Transmitted
• HIV is primarily found in the blood, semen, or
vaginal fluid, and breast milk of an infected
person.
• Common reasons for the spread of HIV:
– Having sex (anal, vaginal, or oral) with someone
infected with HIV
– Sharing needles and syringes with someone infected
with HIV
– Being exposed (fetus or infant) to HIV before or
during birth or through breast feeding
How HIV is Not Spread
• HIV is a fragile virus. It cannot live for very
long outside the body. As a result, the
virus is not transmitted through day-today activities such as shaking hands,
hugging, or a casual kiss. You cannot
become infected from a toilet seat,
drinking fountain, doorknob, dishes,
drinking glasses, food, or pets. You also
cannot get HIV from mosquitoes.
Protect and Prevent
• To protect yourself, remember these
ABCs:
• A=Abstinence
• B=Be Faithful
• C=Condoms