Chlamydia, Gonorrhea Syphilis

  Most common Bacterial STD  2 million people currently infected  3 million more will acquire it this year Transmitted  Through sexual activity  During childbirth

      85% of women and 40% of men have no symptoms Vaginal or urethral discharge Burning with urination Pelvic Pain (women) Swelling and tenderness of the scrotum (men) Genital ulcers

  Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)  Can damage the fallopian tubes and result in tubal scarring and infertility  Causes 25% of the infertility in women pursuing in vitro fertilization in the US  Symptoms     Pelvic and abdominal pain Fever Abnormal vaginal bleeding Ectopic (tubal) pregnancy Infants  Illness  Blindness

   Diagnosis – lab test (genital fluids or urine) Treated easily IF caught early Treatment  Oral antibiotics  Newborn infants routinely receive antibiotic eye drops/ointment to prevent eye infection

     Discharge from vagina or urethra Pain during urination Abnormal vaginal bleeding (“spotting”) – women Pain and swelling around the testicles – men 25-80% of women and a smaller percentage of men have no symptoms

  Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pregnant women  Spontaneous abortion    Premature rupture of membranes Preterm birth May infect amniotic fluid    Blindness Joint infection Life-threatening blood infections

  Diagnosis – Body fluids will be examined and tested Treatment  Oral or injectable antibiotics  After treatment, infected individuals should be re examined and tested again

   Number of cases is again on the rise  Between 1940’s and 2000 – number of cases fell from approximately 100,000 to less than 6,000  Today, beginning to rise again (36,000) Called “The Great Imitator”  Many of the signs/symptoms resemble other diseases Transmitted  Sexual activity   Contact with syphilitic sores Passed to infants during childbirth

  Primary Stage (10-90 days after infection)  Single sore (chancre)    Firm, round and painless Occurs at spot where Syphilis entered body Heals in 3-6 weeks if left untreated Secondary Stage (2-8 weeks after infection)  Itch-less rash  Flu-like symptoms  Fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches and fatigue

 Latent stage (2 or more years after)  Signs disappear and think cured  Attacks heart, blood vessels, and CNS  Late stage (10 to 30 years after)  Heart, skin, brain, spinal cord affected  Cannot be cured at this stage

  Diagnosis – blood test Treatment  Can be cured if caught early  Antibiotic   Will not repair or reverse the damage already caused by the disease A single intramuscular injection of penicillin, an antibiotic, will cure a person who has had syphilis for less than a year.

HPV, Genital herpes, Hepatitis, HIV CANNOT BE CURED!!!

      More than 100 strains of HPV  40 cause genital infections 6.2 million Americans are infected with genital HPV each year 50% of sexually active Americans are or have been infected   20 million currently have the virus Another 80 million have been infected some time in the past In 90% of cases, the body’s immune system clears the HPV infection naturally within two years By the age of 50, 80% of women will have acquired genital HPV Transmission   Genital Skin-to-skin contact Contact with infected body fluids

  Most patients have no symptoms Genital and Anal Warts  7% of infected people

  Cervical Cancer Genital Cancers – Women – Men

   Diagnosis  abnormalities detected on a Pap Smear – women  Most asymptomatic men do not know they are infected Treatment  Topical medications applied to the wart  Decrease in size and disappear   Surgical removal (burning with a laser) Freezing Even with treatment, warts will often return

  Most common sexually transmitted viral infection in US  45 million people infected  1 in 5 American age 12 or over have genital herpes 2 types of herpes  HSV-1 and HSV-2  Most cases of genital herpes are HSV-2  Greatest risk factor is the total number sexual partners a person has had in their life

   Skin to skin contact  Kissing with a sore   Touching a sore Sexual activity Exposure to infected body fluids During childbirth

   Initial infection  Fever, headache and muscle aches  Lesions appear in area of exposure    Blisters which break and become ulcers About 8 days after exposure Painful and often burn or itch Other symptoms  Burning with urination, vaginal or urethral discharge, tender swollen lymph nodes Recurrent outbreaks  Skin lesions

     NO CURE!!!

Can transmit to others even at time when not experiencing symptoms 90% will experience at least one recurrence within 12 months of initial episode Recurrences can occur for the remainder of the person’s life Risk of spontaneous abortion and premature birth

   Diagnosis – Viral cultures As many as 90% do not know they are infected Treatment  Anti-viral medications  Reduces the duration and intensity of symptoms

     Seek medical help right away Complete the full course of medications Have follow up testing done Avoid all sexual activity while being treated Notify ALL sexual partners

Safer… but not Safe Sex

  Female hormones that are taken orally every day to prevent ovulation or affect the lining of the uterus so that it cannot support and nourish a fertilized egg.

Does NOT protect from STDs or HIV.

 Approximately 1 in every 5 people using condoms for pregnancy protection will get pregnant during the first year

100% WAY TO AVOID GETTING ONE OF THOSE!!

  AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome – a disease in which the immunes system of the patient is weakened  1982 – 1600 cases were reported…700 deaths resulted  2000 – AIDS was the 5 th adults from 25-44 years leading cause of death among HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus – a virus that attacks the immune system  Causes AIDS

 Teen have one of the fastest growing rates of HIV

    As the number of viruses increase…the number of T cells decrease…the immune system is weakened

Opportunistic infections

individuals who do not have healthy immune systems – infections that occur in HIV is progressive 

It destroys the cells of the immune system over many months or years AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV

  HIV lives inside cells and body fluids

Transmitted

though… 

Blood

  

Semen Vaginal secretions Breast milk

 NOT transmitted by  Toilet seats        Telephones Food Being in the same area Casual physical contact – shaking hands and hugging Insect bites Sweat Sneezing

    Sexual intercourse  Secretions containing HIV can enter a partner’s blood   Increases with number of sexual partners Increases by having another STD that causes sores  Chlamydia, herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis Sharing needles through IV drug use or Un-sanitized tattooing or piercing needles Mother to baby  Through the umbilical cord   During delivery While nursing

  Knowledge is the best defense!

Abstinence from sexual activity or using drugs  Avoid pressure situations   Practice refusal skills Choose relationships carefully

 

ELISA TEST-

more general, less specific, and less expensive. A person must have 2 positive ELISA TEST to take the Confirmation Test that is more expensive.

Western Blot Test-

this is the Confirmation Test a person is given when they have 2 positive ELISA TEST. This test is more expensive and more specific.