Transcript Reducing the Risk of STDs and HIV

Lesson 46 Part 1
 Discuss the causes and methods of transmission of
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common STDs.
Discuss the symptoms, diagnoses, and treatments of
common STDs.
Analyze the long-term effects of common STDs.
Analyze ways to prevent infection from STSs.
Discuss the progression of HIV infection to AIDS.
Identify treatment and prevention strategies for HIV
and AIDS.
List tests used to determine the presence of HIV.
 Sexually Transmitted disease (STD)
 Chlamydia
 Gonorrhea
 Herpes
 Genital Warts
 Pubic Lice
 Thrush
 Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS)
 Western Blot
 HIV Negative
 Chlamydia
 The most common bacterial STD in the US.
 Caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.
 Produced inflammation of the reproductive organs.
 Chlamydia
 Methods of Transmission
 Spread by intimate sexual contact with an infected partner.
 A pregnant female may pass the infection to her newborn
baby during delivery.
 Bacteria can enter the baby’s eyes or lungs during delivery.
 Baby can become blind or develop pneumonia.
 Chlamydia
 Symptoms
 Usually appear 1-3 weeks after exposure.
 Males
 ½ of infected males have no symptoms, but still can infect a
sexual partner.
 Painful urination
 Discharge from them penis.
 Pain or swelling in the scrotum.
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Females
¾ of infected females have no symptoms.
Burning sensation during urination.
Unusual discharge from the vagina.
 Chlamydia
 Diagnosis
 Discharge is sampled and examined for presence of
Chlamydia bacteria.
 Treatment
 Antibiotics
 Follow up visit to assure infection is cured.
 All sexual partners of infected persons should be
checked and treated.
 Chlamydia
 Complications
 Females
 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
 Scarring of the Fallopian tubes or oviducts…causing infertility.
 Ectopic pregnancy (tubal pregnancy)-occurs when a fertilized egg
implants in a Fallopian tube instead of in the uterus…fatal.
 Males
 Untreated Chlamydia can lead to infertility.
 Syphilis
 Caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.
 Bacterium enters the body through tiny breaks in the
mucous membranes and then burrows its way into the
bloodstream.
 Spread by intimate sexual contact with an infected
partner.
 Spread from a pregnant female to her fetus.
 Symptoms
 First State-Primary
Syphilis
 Chancre-a painless, open
sore that appears at the
site where the bacteria
entered the body, such
as the genitals or the
mouth.
 Appear within 10 days the
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3 months after exposure.
May go unnoticed if inside
the body.
Very contagious.
Chancres will disappear
within a few weeks
whether or not an infected
person is treated.
Pathogens remain in the
body and disease
progresses into Secondary
Syphilis.
 Symptoms (cont)
 Second State-Secondary
Syphilis
 Skin rash
 Begins as early as a week
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after chancre appears.
Fever
Tiredness
Headache
Sore throat
Swollen lymph glands
Weight loss
Loss of hair
Symptoms will come and
go.
Still contagious until
treated.
 Syphilis
 Diagnosis
 Blood Test to detect bacteria
 Treatment
 Antibiotics
 Once damage is done by syphilis bacteria, it cannot be
reversed
 Syphilis
 Complications
 Secondary syphilis will turn into LATENT SYPHILIS if not
treated.
 A stage of syphilis in which there are no symptoms, but the
bacteria are still present.
 Can last for decades.
 Last Stage-LATE SYPHILIS or TERTIARY SYPHILIS.
 Final stage of syphilis in which bacteria irreversibly damage body organs.
 Mental incapacity, blindness, paralysis, heart disease, liver damage, death
may occur.
 Fetus is at risk.
 Miscarriage, still-birth, fetal death.
 Birth defects, skin sores, rashes, fever, a swollen liver and spleen, yellowish
skin, anemia, high risk of mental retardation.
 Gonorrhea
 A highly contagious STD caused by the bacterium
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae.
 Infects the linings of the genital and urinary tracts of
males and females.
 Methods of transmission
 Spread by intimate sexual contact with an infected person.
 Newborns can become infected if bacteria enters eyes during
childbirth.
 Symptoms-Males
 Symptoms-Females
 White, milky discharge from
 Many have no symptoms.
the penis.
Burning sensation during
urination.
Pain and increased urination
within 2-5 days after
infection.
Some do not experience
symptoms.
Person is contagious with or
without symptoms.
 Burning sensation during
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urination.
 Yellow discharge from the
vagina.
 Symptoms usually appear
within 10 days of infection.
 Some symptoms are very
severe.
 Abdominal pain
 Bleeding between
menstrual periods.
 Vomiting.
 Fever.
 Diagnosis
 Microscopic examination of the discharge or analysis of
the urine.
 Treatment
 Antibiotics
 Complications
 Bacteria can spread into the bloodstream and infect the
joints, heart valves, and the brain.
 Permanent sterility.
 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.
 Newborn blindness.
 An STD caused by the herpes simplex virus that
produces cold sores or fever blisters in the genital area
or mouth.
 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Causes cold sores or fever
blisters in the mouth or on the lips.
 May also cause genital sores.
 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2-Causes genital sores, but
may also cause sores in the mouth.
 Both viruses remain in the body for life.
 Infected people will have recurrences of breakouts and
are at a greater risk of HIV infection.
 Methods of transmission.
 Intimate sexual contact with an infected person
 Newborns can be infected during birth.
 Symptoms
 Occur within 2 weeks after contact with an infected
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person.
Itching, burning sensation.
Pain in the legs, buttocks, or genital area.
Vaginal discharge.
Feeling of pressure in the abdominal area.
Clusters of small, painful blisters that may develop into
open sores…in the genital area.
Symptoms disappear after a few weeks.
Outbreaks will recur throughout an infected person’s
life.
 Diagnosis
 Made by growing the virus from a swab taken from the
ulcers.
 Blood tests can be given to detect the presence of
antibodies.
 Treatment
 Antiviral drugs have been approved to relieve symptoms
and prevent recurrences.
 Do not cure genital herpes.
 Human Papillomavirus.
 The most common type of viral STD in the US.
 There are more than 70 known types of HPV.
 Some cause genital warts, or wart-like growths on the
genitals.
 Some types have been linked to cervical cancer.
 Methods of transmission.
 Genital warts are contagious and are spread during
intimate sexual contact.
 HPV can also be spread during intimate sexual activity
even if warts are not present.
 Newborn baby can be infected during delivery.
 Symptoms
 Genital warts may appear after a few weeks or even years
after infection.
 Can be soft or hard.
 Flesh-colored or white.
 Resemble a cauliflower.
 Usually painless.
 Diagnosis
 A physician will inspect the warts.
 Pap smear used to collect cells from cervix.
 Tests for cervical cancer.
 Treatment
 Virus-antibiotics cannot cure.
 Cannot get rid of warts completely.
 May be frozen, burned, or cut off.
 Will reappear.
 A viral infection of the liver.
 Hepatitis A(HAV),B (HBV),C (HCV),E (HEV), and
Delta Hepatitis (HDV).
 Many cases are not a serious threat to health.
 Some are long-lasting and can lead to liver failure, liver
cancer, and death.
 Methods of transmission
 Spread through intimate sexual contact (HEV).
 Spread through sharing contaminated needles (HBV,
HCV, HDV).
 Spread fecal-orally by contaminated food and water
(HAV).
 Spread from a pregnant female to her baby (HBV, HCV).
 Symptoms
 Many infected people have no symptoms.
 Early symptoms are flu-like.
 Later symptoms are…
 Dark urine
 Abdominal pain
 Jaundice
 Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes.
 Diagnosis
 Blood tests
 Treatments
 Bed rest
 Healthful diet
 Avoidance of alcoholic beverages.
 Drugs may be prescribed to improve liver function.
 Vaccines
 HAV and HBV
 Caused by organisms that feed off a person’s body.
 Pediculosis and Trichomoniasis
 Pubic Lice
 An infestation of crab lice.
 Lice pierce the skin to feed on human blood.
 Bites and waste matter cause itching.
 Can contaminate bedding, towels, and toilet seats.
 Can live for about 24 hours without feeding.
 Diagnosis
 Physician must examine the body to find lice and their
nits (eggs), which are visible by the naked eye or through
a magnifying glass.
 Treatments
 Prescription or OTC medicated creams or shampoos are
used to kill the lice.
 A parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis.
 Spread through intimate sexual contact.
 Most males do not experience symptoms.
 Symptoms can include a thin, whitish discharge from
the penis and painful or difficult urination.
 Half of all infected females have no symptoms.
 Symptoms can include yellow-green or gray vaginal
discharge that has an unpleasant odor, painful
urination, or irritation and itching in the genital area.
 Diagnosis
 Smear of the discharge is examined under a microscope.
 Treatment
 Drug treatment for both infected partners.