Transcript Sexually Transmitted Infections

Biology 3201: Unit 2, Reproduction and Development
What are STIs?
 Sexually Transmitted Infections
 Transmitted mainly through sexual contact
 Most caused by viruses or bacteria
 Most are curable, some only treatable
 Curable: Can be cured with medication
 Treatable: NOT curable; but symptoms can be managed
with medication
What are they??
 The most common (and the ones that you need to
know for the purposes of this course) are:
 HIV/AIDS
 Chlamydia
 Hepatitis B
 Genital Herpes
 Syphilis
 Gonorrhea
 We will take a closer look at each
HIV and AIDS
 Human Immunodeficiency Virus
 Causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
 The virus attaches the immune system
 Level of helper T cells in the blood decreases
 Makes person more susceptible to a number of different
infections
 The other infection is what makes you sick and can
cause death
Transmission of HIV
 Sexual contact
 Vaginal intercourse
 Anal/rectal intercourse
 And oral – genital contact
 NOT kissing
 Sharing of needles among drug users
 Blood transfusions
 Today most blood is closely screened
 Breast feeding
AIDS Development
 Occurs in 3 stages
 STAGE A
 Last for roughly a year
 No symptoms, but can infect others
 Remain healthy
 STAGE B
 6 to 8 years
 When body cannot replace T- cells
 A number of symptoms start to occur
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Swelling of lymph nodes
Weight loss
Night sweats
Fatigue
Fever
Diarrhea
Infections
 STAGE C:
 This stage is considered fully developed AIDS
 Suffers nervous disorders
 Pneumonia
 Skin cancer
 If not appropriate, aggressive treatment, death within 7
to 9 years
Chlamydia
 Caused by a bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis
 In 2001 there were 49000 cases reported in Canada
 Rising dramatically , 2009 there were 89000 cases
 Most common in people between age 15 and 24
 Affects both male an females and can cause serious
permanent damage
 Transmitted through sexual intercourse
 Vaginal, anal, or oral
 Do not have to ejaculate
Symptoms
 Known as “silent” infection
 Asymptomatic
 If symptoms, may be weeks or months after
transmission
 In Women
 Abnormal vaginal discharge
 Burning sensation during urination
 If not treated, travels up uterus and oviducts and cause
PID
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Pelvic inflammitory disease
Severe pelvic and abdominal pain
Leads to infertility
 In Men:
 Discharge from penis
 Burning sensation when urinating
 Pain and swelling in both testicles
 May also affect anus and throat
 In anus can cause:
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Rectal pain
Discharge
bleeding
Treatment
 Up to 75% of all chlamydia cases are not detected by
the individual unit irreversible damage is done
 If not treated in females:
 Ulcers on the cervix
 Increased risk of aids
 PID
 Blocked oviducts
 Ectopic prenancy
 infertility
 In Males
 Blocked/damaged vas deferens
 Effective, easy tests to hlep diagnose early
 Successfully with antibiotics
 No perminant effects
 NEW CONCERNS
Hepatitis B
 An infection that causes by a virus
 Other types of Hepatitis viruses, only B related to
reproductive system
 Spread through sexual contact, blood transfusions,
and exchange of body fluids
 Causes liver inflamation, vomiting, jaundice, and even
death
 Liver cirrhosis and cancer
 NO CURE
Symptoms
 Overall poor health
 Loss of apetit
 Nasuea
 Vomiting
 Body aches
 Fever
 Dark urine
 May be entirely asymptomatic
 Infection tends to have periods of liver inflamation
and jaundice and periods of no symptoms
 Vaccines for all 3 strains of hepatitis are available
Genital Herpes
 Viral infection. Two types:
 Herpes Simplex 1 (HSV1)
 Herpes Simplex 2 (HSV2)
 HSV 1
 Causes cold sores and fever blisters around the mouth
 HSV2
 Genital herpes and is acquired through sexual contact
Symptoms
 Tingling or ithcing
 Blisters on gentials, buttocks, thighs, or internal
tissues that rupture
 Flu like symptoms
 Outbreaks triggered by fever, stress, sunlight,
intercourse or foods
Syphilis
 Caused by a bacteria called Treponema pallidum
 Infection occurs in 3 stages:
 Stage 1
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Ulcerated sores with hard edges appearing at the site
 Stage 2
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Rash appears
Could be anywhere on skin
Usually on palms of hands and soles of feet
 Stage 3
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Affects cardiovascular and nervous system
 Stage 3 symptoms can include:
 Mental illness
 Blindness
 A shuffled walk
 Heart disease
 Large ulcers called Gummas on the skin or internal
organs
 Can be cured with antibiotics
Gonorrhea
 Caused by bacteria called Neiserria gonorrhoea
 Can cause infection of the urethra, cervix, rectom and
throat
 Symptoms
 Pain during urination
 Greenish yellow discharge from urethra
 Blocked oviducts
 Infections of joints, heart valves and brain
 Same in males and females
 Treatable with antibiotics
Prevention
 Save sex
 Education
 Abstinence
 Limit number of sexual partner
 Think of it this way....... If you have sex with them you
are having sex with everyone bodily fluids that they had
sex with
 Only 100% safe method is abstinence
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVOSTP8FaeU