Transcript Spread of Infection - e-Bug

Transfer
of Infection
Sexual Transmission
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contains some graphical images of sexual
reproductive organs, please delete them if
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What are STIs?
• Infections passed from person to person through
sexual contact
– Some can be cured e.g. Chlamydia
– Some more serious diseases cannot e.g. AIDS
– There are over 25 different known STIs!
Can you think of any STIs?
Thrush
Hepatitis
Chlamydia
HIV
AIDS
Herpes
Gonorrhoea
Genital Warts
Syphilis
Chlamydia – the facts
Caused by
Bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis
Incidence
The most commonly diagnosed STI in the UK
Symptoms
In many cases Chlamydia is asymptomatic however
• Women – vaginal discharge, abdominal pain,
pain on passing urine
• Men – discharge from the penis, testicular
inflammation, irritation of the penis
• Babies – eye infection, pneumonia
Transmission
• Via vaginal, anal and oral sex
• Can be transmitted from mother to unborn baby
Chlamydia trachomatis
Swollen testicles due to a
Chlamydia infection
Genital Herpes
Caused by
Herpes Simplex Virus
Incidence
Increased by 33% between 1997 – 2006 in the UK
Recurrent Symptoms
• In many cases there are no symptoms however
asymptomatic carriers can still spread the
infection
• Symptoms can occur 26 days after exposure
and include
– itching/tingling in the genital or anal area
– small fluid-filled blisters and painful sores
– pain when passing urine
– a flu-like illness
Transmission
• Skin to skin contact
Herpes Simplex Virus
Genital herpes in a female
Gonorrhoea
Caused by
Bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Incidence
Increased by 46% between 1997 and 2006 in the UK
Symptoms
•
•
About half of all women infected with gonorrhoea,
and over 90% of men experience symptoms
Can affect the genitals, anus, rectum and throat
with symptoms including
– a thin, watery discharge from the vagina or
tip of the penis that can appear yellow or
green, and pain when urinating
Transmission
•
Sexual intercourse
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
HIV / AIDS
Caused by
Virus Human Immunodeficiency virus which leads to AIDS (Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
Incidence (UK)
• there are 73,000 people in the living with HIV
• experts believe that 30% of people with HIV do not know that they
have the condition
Symptoms
• Early stage HIV: fever, sore throat, joint pain, rash
• Later stage HIV: fever, night sweats, blurred vision, swollen glands,
weight loss
• AIDS: the immune system stops working leaving the patient exposed
to many other life threatening conditions such as pneumonia
Transmission
Via vaginal, anal and oral sex
Thrush
Caused by
Fungus of the species Candida
Incidence
Increased by 46% between 1997 and 2006 in the UK
Symptoms
• Women
–
–
–
•
vaginal discharge and or itching
pain, or discomfort, during sexual intercourse
pain, or discomfort, during urination
Candida albicans
Men
–
–
–
Discharge from and inflammation of the penis
Pain while passing urine
Small red spots on the tip of the penis
Increased by
• Associated with antibiotic use that kill the normal
microflora; pregnancy; immune deficiency
• Can be transmitted sexually
Oral candidiasis on the tongue
and soft palette
Protection against STIs
•
•
•
•
Abstinence
– The only sure way not to catch an STI
Use a condom during sexual activity
– Prevents the transmission of bodily fluid
– Only protects the skin it covers, sores/warts not covered can
still spread through skin contact
Talk to your partner
– Discuss the options of safer sex practices
– Discuss the option of you both being tested for an STI before
committing to a sexual relationship
Have regular check ups at the local family planning or GUM
(Genito urinary medicine) clinic
– Even if you do not think you have an infection – remember
many infections do not appear to have symptoms!