Transcript Sexually transmitted infections

SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED
INFECTIONS
HOW do you get STI’s?
 1. Oral sex
 2. Vaginal sex
 3. Anal sex
 4. Skin to Skin contact, primarily through the
genital region
 5. Mother-to-baby: during childbirth and/or
breastfeeding
 6. Using needles/needle sharing (drugs)
4 Fluids that Transmit STD’s
 Blood
 Vaginal Fluids
 Semen
 Breast Milk
What is the best way to prevent?
 1. Abstinence is the best and most
effective! 100%!
 2. Using a BARRIER method of
protection:
 A. CONDOM: Latex or
polyurethane ONLY
B. DENTAL DAM
 The most common types of bacterial STI’s
are:
Chlamydia
 One of the most COMMON STI’s
 Usually no symptoms AT ALL!!
 If symptoms develop, they include:
 Discharge from penis or vagina
 Burning during urination
 Burning or itching around the penis
 Pain during intercourse
or bleeding
Chlamydia
infections can
occur in the
mouth or
anus, too!
Chlamydia
 Permanent damage to female reproductive organs
 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in females
(scarring/damage in uterus, fallopian tubes, etc.)
 Infertility (can’t have children)
 Infection in male epididymis which could lead to
sterility
 CAN BE CURED through
antibiotics- must be tested!
Gonorrhea
 Usually no symptoms AT ALL
 If symptoms develop, they
include:
 Vaginal bleeding between your periods.
 Pain or burning when you pass urine.
 Increased vaginal discharge.
 A discharge from your penis.
 Painful or swollen testicles
Gonorrhea
can grow in
the mouth,
throat, eyes,
and anus.
Gonorrhea
 If untreated, can lead to:
 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in females
(scarring/damage in uterus, fallopian tubes,
etc.)
 Males may develop a painful condition in the
testicles. In rare cases, this may prevent them
from having children.
 Chronic pain in the pelvic area
 Infertility (can’t have children)
 CAN BE CURED through antibiotics-
must be tested!
Syphilis
 Symptoms develop in stages (which can take
months-years):
 1st stage (PRIMARY): Sore on the body (often called
chancre or shanker) where infection spread (mouth,
anus, vagina, penis, tongue, lips, etc.)
 2nd stage (SECONDARY): Non-itchy skin rash
develops including reddish-brown spots (often
confused with acne) on palms of hands or feet. Also
flu-like symptoms (Sore throat, tiredness,
headache, swollen lymph glands)
First Stage (Primary)
Second Stage (Secondary)
Syphilis
 3rd stage (TERTIARY): Most severe stage- can
cause damage to internal system. Physical
symptoms disappear in 3rd stage. Can cause
heart disease, damage to other major organs.
 If untreated, can cause death in late stages.
 CAN BE CURED with penicillin if caught in the
early stages
Viral STI’s
 The most common viral STI’s are:
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
 More than 100 HPV types that can
infect the skin of the penis, vulva,
anus, and the linings of the vagina,
cervix, and rectum exist
 Symptoms: Usually NONE.
 HPV types are often referred to as “low-risk”
(wart-causing) or “high-risk” (cancer-causing)
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
 Genital warts can occur inside and
outside of genital region, and precancerous cells on cervix can be detected
through a pap smear.
 If left un-treated: Genital warts, cervical
cancer, cancer of penis, anus, vagina, etc.
 NO CURE, prevention vaccine for males
and females available (GET IT!!!!!)
Genital Herpes
 Caused by:HSV-1 and mostly HSV-2 virus
 (Herpes Simplex Virus #1 and #2)
 Symptoms: USUALLY NONE, but can
include:
 Oral herpes: blisters or sores appear on
mouth
 Genital Herpes: blisters, sores, lesions appear
on the genitals
Herpes- Between Outbreaks
Genital Herpes
 One or more blisters on or around the genitals or
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rectum. The blisters break, leaving tender ulcers
(sores) that may take two to four weeks to heal
the first time they occur
Typically, another outbreak can appear weeks or
months after the first
Can result in serious problems if passed to baby
during childbirth.
NO CURE, but medications can help.
CAN BE SPREAD even if no sores are present!!!!
Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV)
 It is the virus that primarily infects cells of the
immune system and that causes the disease
known as AIDS.
 Spread by oral, vaginal, anal sex, blood transfusions
(rare), and sharing needles
 Symptoms may not appear for up to TEN years! If so,
you may not realize you have it and might be passing it
on to others!
 Further symptoms: Flu and cold-like symptoms
 HIV destroys important key parts of the immune
system and leads to infections, death
Hepatitis B – Liver hurting virus
 Symptoms: Usually NONE.
 Some symptoms can include:
 yellowish eyes and skin, called jaundice
 a longer than usual amount of time for
bleeding to stop
 swollen stomach or ankles
 easy bruising
 flu-like symptoms
 dark yellow urine
Hepatitis B
 Chronic hepatitis B is treated with
drugs that slow or stop the virus
from damaging the liver
 Without treatment, chronic hepatitis
B can cause scarring of the liver,
called cirrhosis; liver cancer; and
liver failure.
Other STI’s
Trichomoniasis
 Protozoan parasitic infection
 The vagina is the most common site of
infection in women, and the urethra is the
most common site of infection in men.
 Most men and women with trichomoniasis do
not have signs or symptoms; however, some
men may temporarily have an irritation inside
the penis, mild discharge, or slight burning
after urination or ejaculation.
Trichomoniasis
 Some women have signs or symptoms of
infection which include a frothy, yellow-green
vaginal discharge with a strong odor.
 The infection also may cause discomfort
during intercourse and urination, as well as
irritation and itching of the female genital
area.
 Pregnant women with trichomoniasis may have
babies who are born early or at a low birth
weight
Pubic Lice (Crabs)
 Pubic lice typically are found attached to hair in the
pubic area or found on coarse hair elsewhere on the
body
 Symptoms include:
 Itching in the genital area
 Visible nits (lice eggs) or crawling lice
 Both over-the-counter and prescription
medications are available for treatment of pubic
lice infestations.
 If not treated, pubic lice will continue to thrive on
the body