Transcript SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

Impact
• Almost 20 million - newly
diagnosed STD’s/STI’s each year.
• $16 billion – cost of treating STI’s
• ½ of all new infections are among
people aged 15-24 although this
age group represents <25% of the
sexually experienced population.
From the CDC…
0 Inflict Significant Human and Economic
Costs
0 Significant health challenge facing the
United States.
0 Potential threat to an individual’s immediate
and long-term health and well-being.
0 Increases a person’s risk for HIV infection,
STDs can lead to severe reproductive health
complications, such as infertility and ectopic
pregnancy.
CDC’s collects data on
8 common STIs
 Bacterial Infections  Viral Infections/Diseases
Chlamydia
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Gonorrhea
Herpes simplex virus type 2
Syphilis
(HSV-2)
Human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV)
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Parasitic Infection
Trichomoniasis
VIRAL STD/SID’s
0 HSV
0 HIV
0 HPV
One characteristic they
all have in common…
There is NO CURE.
GENITAL HERPES
HERPES Simplex I and II
o HSV-1: Simplex I
o Cold sores and fever blisters
o HSV-2: Simplex II
o Genital herpes
Symptoms
Painful, fluid filled blisters
- can be found…
o in the mouth
o on the lips
o on the thighs or abdomen
o in the genital area
How is HERPES spread?
oSkin to skin contact
o Oral Sex
o Sexual Intercourse
How is HERPES treated?
o Oral medication: antiviral meds like
Acyclovir, Valtrex.
Baby born to
mother during
an active
genital herpes
infection.
Herpes infection can be passed from mother to
unborn child and cause a potentially deadly
infection (neonatal herpes).
o CDC estimates that 776,000 people in the US get a new herpes infection
each year, adding to total prevalence of
o Nationwide, 16.2%, or 1 in 6 people aged 14-49 have genital herpes
infection.
o 1 in 5 women 14-49 yoa
o 1 in 9 men 14-49 yoa
HIV/AIDS
HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus
AIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome
HIV causes AIDS
0 Infection occurs when the virus enters the
bloodstream and begins to destroy a
specific white blood cell called a Tlymphocyte.
0 Patients test positive for HIV about 6
months after initial infection.
0 Systemic breakdown may take as long as
10+ years.
0 AIDS occurs when the number of viruses
in drastically higher than the number of Tcells.
Symptoms of HIV
None; people that are HIV positive may not
present with symptoms for up to 10 years.
Symptoms of AIDS
Skin Rashes, swollen glands, fever,
diarrhea, weakness, mouth and respiratory
infections
How is AIDS spread?
o Sexual contact
o IV drug use
o Blood to blood contact
o Pregnant mother to child
MUST ENTER THE BLOODSTREAM
How is HIV/AIDS Treated?
o
o
o
EARLY DIAGNOSIS = GET TESTED!
Initial weight gain to prevent “wasting.”
Drug cocktails to prevent viral replication and
entry of virus into uninfected cells.
Prevalence of diagnosed HIV Infection Among Adolescents Aged 13–19,
Year-end 2012—United States and Dependent Areas
N = 7,300 Total Rate = 24.3
Note. Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been
statistically adjusted to account for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
US Statistics
oAt the end of 2009, an estimated
1,148,200 persons aged 13 and older
in the United States were living with
HIV/AIDS.
oApproximately 50,000 new infections
of HIV occur each year.
oApprox . 10,000 of these were in
young people aged 13 – 24.
WORLD Statistics
o The last 10 years saw a 15% reduction in new
infections and a 22% decline is death due to AIDS.
o There are 1,000 new infections in children EVERY
DAY.
o Only 23% of children with HIV/AIDS are receiving
treatment.
o 2.1 million children are HIV-positive.
o 33.4 million people worldwide are living with
HIV/AIDS
o 25 million people have died since the first cases
were reported in 1981.
HPV
Human
Papilloma
Virus
Genital Warts
HPV Facts
o The MOST common SID.
oSo common that nearly all sexually active
men and women will get it at some point in
their lives.
o Over 40 forms of this virus are
known to infect the genitals.
HPV Symptoms
o Usually appears as a small
bump or group of bumps in the
genital area.
oBumps may be raised or flat.
oWarts can appear weeks or
months after infection.
Complications
o Causes cell changes that lead
to cervical cancer.
o HPV is the leading cause of
death from cervical cancer in
the U.S.
How is HPV treated?
o Removal of growths or abnormal
cervical tissue by surgery or
freezing.
o For external growths, prescription
medication can be applied.
o Gardasil shot for prevention of only
3 types of HPV types that are
leading causes of cervical cancer.
oApprox. 79 million Americans are currently infected with
HPV.
o Approx. 14 million new infections occur each year.
o So common that most sexually-active men and women
will be exposed to HPV at some point in their lives.
BACTERIAL STD/SID’s
0 Chlamydia
0 Gonorrhea
0 Syphilis
CHLAMYDIA
Caused by: BACTERIA
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia Symptoms
MEN
o painful urination
o white discharge
from penis
o pain in testicles
o may become
infertile if not
treated
WOMEN
o 80% have no
symptoms =
“silent infection”
odischarge
obleeding or pain
with intercourse
o Irregular periods
Complications
o If not treated, chlamydia can lead
to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
o
o
PID is an inflammation of the fallopian
tubes and uterus.
PID can lead to an ectopic pregnancy
and/or infertility.
How is Chlamydia Spread?
o sexual contact
o bodily fluids
How is Chlamydia treated?
o Antibiotics
o 1,422,976 infections were reported to CDC.
o Estimated 2.86 million infections occur each year.
o Some infections are not reported because the infected do not have
symptoms or do not seek treatment.
o Est. 1 in 15 sexually active females aged 14-19 have chlamydia.
Gonorrhea
Caused by: BACTERIA
Neiserria gonorrhea
Gonorrhea Symptoms
o Thick yellow discharge
o Burning with urination
o Rash if systemic
Complications
o Blindness in babies at birth
o Antibiotics are given in the eyes of every
newborn.
How is gonorrhea spread?
o sexual contact
o bodily fluids
How is gonorrhea treated?
o Antibiotics
o CDC is reporting drug resistant
strains making treatment more
difficult.
o
334,826 reported cases in the US.
o 820,000 estimated cases.
o CDC estimated that 570, 000 of them were in young
people aged 15-24
SYPHILIS
Caused by: BACTERIA
Treponema pallidum
Syphilis symptoms
Progresses in stages:
o STAGE I = PRIMARY: Painless red
sores (chancres) appear.
o STAGE II = SECONDARY: Nonitching rash
o STAGE III = TERTIARY/LATENT:
damages internal organs including
brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels,
liver. Can lead to death.
How do you get Syphilis?
o sexual contact
o skin-to-skin contact
How is Syphilis treated?
o Antibiotics
** can only be cured if found in early stages!
o 15,667 of newly reported cases of Primary and
Secondary syphilis.
o 322 cases of Tertiary syphilis