Transcript PERIODIC TABLE

THE PERIODIC TABLE
By B. Blacher/P. Boubion
What information can be found in this box?
ATOMIC NUMBER
CHEMICAL SYMBOL
6
C
CHEMICAL NAME
Carbon
ATOMIC MASS
12.001
ATOMIC NUMBER
equals the
number of
protons in an
atom.
6
C
Carbon
12.001
ATOMIC MASS
equals the
number of
protons +
neutrons
6
C
Carbon
12.001
12 = 6 protons + 6 neutrons
Review
6
C
Carbon
12.001
CHEMICAL SYMBOL - letter or letters
representing an element.
CHEMICAL NAME
- name of element.
ATOMIC NUMBER-
the number of protons
in the nucleus.
ATOMIC MASS-
number of protons plus
the number of neutrons.
ANATOMY OF AN ATOM
ATOMIC NUMBER
7
N
Nitrogen
14.001
ATOMIC NUMBER
8
O
Oxygen
16.00
ATOMIC NUMBER
9
F
Fluorine
19.00
ATOMIC NUMBER
10
Ne
Neon
20.18
How are the Periodic table
and a data table alike?
Periodic Table
Data Table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
PERIOD-
a row indicates
the number of energy
levels or electron shells.
1
PERIOD 1
2
PERIOD 2
3
PERIOD 3
4
PERIOD 4
5
PERIOD 5
6
PERIOD 6
7
PERIOD 7
He
Fr
Xe
Rn
Ar
Kr
Ne
1
18
2
13 14 15 16 17
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
GROUP NUMBER- a column on the
periodic table; also known as a family.
Indicates how many electrons in the
outer shell. All members of a family
react similarly to one another
VIIIB
IA
IIA
An alternate method:
IIIA IVA
VA
VIA VIIA
VIIIA
IB
IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB
IIB
GROUP NUMBER- a column on the
periodic table; also known as a family.
Indicates how many electrons in the
outer shell. All members of a family
react similar to one another
Let’s review:
GROUPS
are columns of families
PERIODS
are rows
Why
are these
elements
Elements
in the
same
grouped
family ortogether?
group have
similar properties...
GROUPS
are columns of families
ALKALI METALS FAMILY

GROUP IA





Lithium
1 valence electron
Never found
uncombined in nature.
Reacts violently with
water to form heat +
Hydrogen gas + alkali
(OH containing
compound)
Soft enough to cut with
a knife
Shiny.
2H2O + 2Na  2NaOH + H2
Sodium
Hydroxide
hydrogen
gas
ALKALI EARTH METALS FAMILY

GROUP IIA





Beryllium
2 valence electrons
Second most
reactive metals.
Never found
uncombined in
nature.
Fairly hard.
Good conductors
of electricity.
QuickTime™ and a
YUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Magnesium alloy
Beryllium-Copper spring
Calcium in bones
METALLOIDS

Found on both
sides of zig zag
line

Share properties
of both metals &
non-metals.

Dull or shiny.

Ductile & malleable.
Conducts heat &
electricity, but not as
well as metals.

Silicon
wafer
arsenic
silicon
tellurium

GROUPS IVB - VIIIB

17 elements located
to the right of the
zigzag line +
Hydrogen

Tend to gain valence
electrons.

Physical properties
are opposite those of
metals.

Dull in appearance.

Poor conductors of
heat and electricity

Usually gain or share
electrons & Readily
form compounds.
helium
Carbon
(charcoal)
NON-METALS
neon
Sulfur
krypton
iodine
 GROUP
VIIB
HALOGENS
All but one are nonmetals.


7 valence electrons
Gains or share 1
electron when it reacts.

All are very reactive;
usually harmful to
humans.

Many acids contain halogens:
HF
HCl
Rock containing
Fluorine
Hydrofluoric
Hydrochloric
acid
acid
HBr
Iodine
Iodine
Chlorine
bleach
Hydrobromic
acid
NOBLE OR INERT GASES

GROUP VIIIB



Chemically stable
& non-reactive.
Have a filled outer
shell.
Do not form
compounds or
react with other
elements.
QuickTi me™ and a
TIFF ( Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see thi s pi ctur e.
helium
neon
neon
argon
krypton
RARE-EARTH METALS
LANTHANIDES SERIES
Soft.
Malleable.
Good conductors.
Used to make alloys.
ACTINIDES SERIES
Metals.
Radioactive.
Nucleus very unstable.
Many are synthetic.
neodymium cerium
plutonium
uranium
Let’s review the families
Alkali metals
Alkali earth metals
Transition metals
Rare earth metals
Metalloids
Non-metals
Halogens
Noble / inert gases
Which element is in a class by itself?
Why?
Like
IsGroup
it : 1:
It hasHydrogen
1 valence
Helium
electron
Gold 1, it
Unlike Group
Platinum?
is a non
metal.
Its most common
isotope has no
neutrons
The answer is
Hydrogen