Transcript Slide 1

6.01
Periodic Table
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Periods
Rows are called periods.
 Period number indicates the highest
occupied energy level of the electrons.
 The two named periods are the lanthanide
and actinide series found at the bottom of
the periodic table.
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Groups
Columns are called groups.
 Each group consists of a specific family of
elements that share similar properties.
 These families include
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Alkali
 Alkaline
 Transition
 Halogen
 Noble gas
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Alkali Family
Alkali metals belong to group 1.
 They are soft, silvery metals with a low
melting point.
 They are the most reactive metal group.
 Their normal state of matter is solid.
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Alkaline Family
Alkaline metals belong to group 2.
 They are harder, denser, and have a
higher melting than alkali metals.
 They are only slightly less reactive.
 Their normal state of matter is solid.
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Transition Family
Transition metals belong to group 3-12.
 They have typical metal properties such as
a very high luster and good conduction.
 They are so unreactive that they normally
exist in nature as lone elements.
 Their normal state of matter is solid.
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Halogen Family
Halogens belong to group 17.
 They are the most reactive nonmetal
group.
 They typically react with metals to form
salts.
 The normal states of these elements
include two solids, one liquid, and two
gases.
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Noble Gas Family
Noble gases belong to group 18.
 They are unreactive nonmetals.
 They normally exist in nature as lone
elements.
 Their normal state of matter is gas.
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Trends
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The periodic table is arranged in a very
organized way with distinct patterns. It can
offers many clues that may be helpful through
this class.
Some of the periodic trends include:
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Metallic properties
States of matter
Valence electrons
Oxidation numbers
Density
Reactivity
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Metallic Properties
There is a stair step line that divides the
periodic table into metals and nonmetals.
 Everything to the left of the line is a metal
and everything to the right is a nonmetal.
 With the exception of aluminum (a metal),
everything touching the line is a metalloid.
 A metalloid shares characteristics of both
metals and nonmetals and exist as very
brittle solids.
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States of Matter
With the exception of hydrogen, solids are
located on the left of the periodic table and
gases on the right.
 The only two liquids are mercury (a liquid
metal) and bromine (a liquid nonmetal).
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Valence Electrons
Valence electrons are the outer electrons
available to be lost, gained, or shared
when bonding.
 The last digit in the group number
indicates the number of valence electrons.
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Oxidation Numbers
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Oxidation number is the number assigned to an atom in
an ionic compound.
It indicates the number of electrons and how the
electrons are used while bonding.
It proceeds across the groups starting at group 1,
skipping over transition elements, and ending at group
18.
The numbers are: +1, +2, +3, +4, -3, -2, -1, 0.
Elements with positive oxidation numbers lose the
specified amount of electrons to form positive cations.
Elements with negative oxidation numbers gain the
specified amount of electrons to form negative anions.
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Density
Density is a measure of the mass of
something relative to its volume.
 It is basically how much matter is
contained in a certain space.
 It is measure in g/ml.
 Density increases down a group in the
periodic table.
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Reactivity
Reactivity increases as you go down a
metallic group.
 Reactivity decreases as you go down a
nonmetallic group.
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