Transcript Document

The Papal Reform Movement
Background: The Roman Empire and
After
• The Institution of the
Papacy
– Matthew 16:18-19
– Gelasian doctrine: two
swords
• The Institution of
Kingship
– Imperial (divine)
– Germanic (Charlemagne)
• The status of the
century church
10th
– Papacy
– Countryside: “core bishops”
and abbots
• Donation of Constantine
Early Efforts at Reform
• Peace of God
– Document 1: Rodulfus
Glaber Description of the Peace
and Truce of God
– Document 2: Bishops of
the Auvergne Canons of the
Council of Le Puy
– What is the focus of these
documents? How are church
buildings, lands, and
personnel set apart?
• Cluny
– Document 3: William of
Aquitaine Foundation Charter
of the Monastery of Cluny 910
– How does William perceive
his own role?
• Why might he be doing this?
– What is being given away?
– What do the prohibitions
tell us about the typical fate
of monastic lands?
Steps to Reform
• Synod of Sutri
(Document 13)
– Chaos in the succession
of the papacy: “In this
year (1046) a great
uprising occurred in
Rome and a huge crowd
deposed the pope”
– Henry III takes the office
of patricius
• Leo IX (1049-1054):
Reforming pope
– Instituted the College of
Cardinals
• Papal Election Decree
(Document 15) 1059
Prelude to Investiture Controversy
• Contrast: East Francia
(“Germany”), West Francia
(“France”), Italy
– West Francia: Feudal estates
as described in Hugh of
Lusignan document
– Ottonian Empire:
importance of bishops
• Early reformers:
– Document 5: Peter Damian
A Letter to Bishop Cunibert of
Turin 1064
• Representation of sexuality
• Representation of women
– Document 8: Pope Gregory
VII A Letter to Adela,
Countess of Flanders
• What is at stake in concerns
about the sacraments?
– Document 9: Humber of
Silva Candida On Simony
• Why might sacraments
performed by such people
be invalid?
– Document 10: Peter
Damian On Simony
Gregory VII vs. Henry IV
• Questions:
– Why does Backman think the
reform of the church was of
such vital importance?
– What problems besieged the
church in the 9th and 10th
centuries?
– What was the role of forged
documents in the church's
efforts at constructing an
identity?
– What were the three major issues
for reformers, and why were they
important?
– What was at stake for Henry IV
in the conflict with Gregory VII?
What was at stake for the pope?
– What were the political
implications for Henry of his
excommunication?
– Who do you think came out the
winner in the episode at
Canossa?
– How does Rosenwein regard the
outcome of this reform
movement?
• Terms:
–
–
–
–
Dictatus Papae
Simony
Canossa
Concordat of Worms