Transcript Slide 1
22.1 Notes: Popes and Rulers Key Ideas • In the 1000s and 1100s, both the popes and the German emperors claimed authority in Europe. • During the later Middle Ages, popes and monarchs competed for power. • In England and France, strong monarchies emerged. Otto’s New Empire Otto the Great • Charlemagne’s empire collapsed • Otto made alliances w/ other Germanic nobles • 962- Persuaded the pope to name him emperor A different empire • Collection of states ruled by princes • Loyal to Otto/ not under his control Holy Roman Empire • Christian orientation • Claimed power/ unity of ancient Rome Pope vs. Emperor King Henry IV & Pope Gregory II • struggled over who should have the right to appoint bishops. Pope Gregory • issued rules asserting his authority over Church and state. Henry • ignored Gregory’s rules • the pope excommunicated him. • To regain his subjects’ support, traveled to Italy to seek Gregory’s forgiveness. Concordat of Worms • Pope forgives Henry • Henry marches army to Rome, forces Pope from the city The Struggle continues • Finally reach an agreement • Concordat of Wormschurch is only one to appoint bishops • Emperors give fiefs to bishops Church and State King Henry II Church should obey King’s authority Royal officials should NOT be excommunicated Priests guilty of crimes should be punished in royal courts Archbishop Thomas Becket Church should be independent of the state Church should have the power to excommunicate anyone Priests should be punished by church court the Murder of Becket - King Henry appointed Thomas Becket in 1162 to Archbishop of Canterbury (Former allies) - Thought his friend would support him - Struggle leads to Becket excommunicating Henry - Ch 22 My Story- words knights thought meant to kill Becket - Shrine set up for becket - Canterbury becomes pilgrimage For many in Christendom Church Hierarchy (pg. 656) The Medieval Church Title Pope Archbishops Bishops Priests Ruled over Oversaw… The Monarchy’s Growing Power • Trade increased • King’s wealth/ power increased (taxes on trade) • Acquired new land Philip II Augustus • became known as “King of France” (rather than “King of the Franks”) • named new officials • gained power over the church.