Transcript Free Earth Observation Data on a Global Scale: A View from

Earth Observation
Information and Decision
Making: An ongoing story
Gilberto Câmara, INPE, Brazil
IGOS-GEO Symposium, 2009
INPE: Clear-cut deforestation mapping of
Amazonia since 1988
~230 scenes
Landsat/year
Yearly detailed estimates of clear-cut areas
LANDSAT-class data (wall-to-wall)
Then, in November, 2004....
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Yearly deforestation rate for 2003-2004: 27,100 km2
Public opinion reaction was strong
What is the proper scientific reaction?
How does deforestation happen?
T1 – Selective logging
T2 – Loss of smaller trees
T3 – Loss >50% of forest
T4 – Loss >90% of forest
Intensive Logging
time
Can we detect deforestation
before it is too late?
Warning 1
Loss >50%
Warning 2
Loss > 90%
Warning 3
Satellites for Monitoring Tropical Forests (2004)
100
50
Identification
Revisit (days)
Mapping
CCD CBERS-2
LANDSAT TM
10
5
MODIS
Detection
1
1
5
10
50
Resolution (m)
100
1000
DETER: Real-time Deforestation Monitoring
15-day warnings of newly deforested large areas
MODIS data
Altamira (Pará) – LANDSAT Image – 22 August 2003
Altamira (Pará) – MODIS Image – 07 May 2004
Altamira (Pará) – MODIS Image – 22 June 2004
6.000 hectares deforested in one month!
Go to the field....
...and get the bad guys!
How hard is to use MODIS images to detect
deforestation?
Landsat/TM
Alerta DETER
nov-2007
MODIS
August 2007
November 2007
Monitoring forest degradation
(S 12,270 ; W 54,130)
For a while, everything was well...
Transparency builds credibility
“Today, Brazil’s monitoring system is
the envy of the world. INPE provides
automated bi-weekly alerts that
other tropical nations would love to
emulate.”
Transparency builds governance
500.000 registrations
46 million protests
Then, in January 2008...
Transparency builds governance
Relative Variation 2007-2008 (%)
Yearly rates of deforestation: 2008-2009
Smallest yearly increase since the 1970s
A Global Forest Information System
LANDSAT TM (30 m)
Navigate, describe, understand: image navigation
and processing, production and dissemination of
information, knowledge-building using semantics
CBERS HRC (2,5 m)
“A few satellites can cover the entire globe, but there
needs to be a system in place to ensure their images
are readily available to everyone who needs them.
Brazil has set an important precedent by making its
Earth-observation data available, and the rest of the
world should follow suit.”
Data for the world´s tropical areas
Urumchi
Miyun
Aswan
Maspalomas
Ghuangzhou
Chetumal
Accra(?)
Boa Vista
Nairobi(?)
Darwin)
Cuiabá
Jo´burg
Global satellite data in 5 meter+ will be free
Concerted action needed with benefits to all involved
Optical Satellites for Forestry
HRC CBERS-2B
LISS-4 (IRS-P6)
100
MUX CBERS-3/4
SPOT HRV
50
Mapping
CCD CBERS-2/3/4
Revisit (days)
HRG SPOT
10
LISS-3 IRS-P6/7
TM LANDSAT
Identification
SENTINEL-2
Detection
AWIFS (IRS-P6/7)
5
AWFI CBERS-3/4
AWFI
WFI CBERS-2
Amaz-1/2
MODIS
1
1
5
10
50
Resolution (metres)
100
500
1000
Multiple perspectives
Type 1: Capable national
agencies
Type 2: Other National
agencies
Type 3: International
organizations
Type 4: Scientists and
experts
Type 5: Private companies
(markets and services)
Type 6: NGOs and common
citizens.
Supporting Type 1 users with high-resolution
CBERS-HRC image (2,5 meters)
Degradation
Deforestation
Validation sites (INPE, Feb 2008)
High-resolution images support validation
Supporting Type 2 users with web tools
Angola
CBERS CCD (20 m) 24-June-08
GoogleEarth (resolution? date? )
Angola national
report?
Web-based tools for mapping, validation
and assessment of deforestation
Supporting Type 4 users with semantics
Overcoming the
semantical debate
Deforestation!
Knowledge
base A
What is
deforestation?
Deforestation?
Knowledge
base B
Global Forest Information System
National, int´l agencies
Open Globes
Congo DR
OpenForestMap
WikiForest
Scientists, Citizens, Markets
Angola
Development as Freedom (Amartya Sen)
The goal of development is the promotion and expansion
of valuable capabilities. Capability is the freedom to
achieve valuable beings and doings.