Transcript Urban Structure - Sunderland Schools

Urban Structure
What do you need to know today?
1. Differences in the structure of urban
areas can lead to differences in the
quality of life of the inhabitants.
2. Urban models attempt to show those
differences.
How does urban structure
affect quality of life?
The way that an urban area is structured is
extremely important as it affects the three quality of
life environments (built, social and economic):
1
2
3
BUILT – housing tenure, location, access to
services, etc.
SOCIAL – education, health, friends, leisure
pursuits, etc.
ECONOMIC – housing and transport costs, job
location, etc.
Urban Model 1:
Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model
Burgess
suggested
that
towns grew outward from
the centre in a concentric
pattern. This means that
buildings
become
more
recent closer to the edge of
a city. It is possible that up
to 5 rings may develop:
A - Central Business District (CBD):
- most accessible to the largest
number of people
- contains services such as shops,
offices, banks, etc.
- multi-storey buildings as land is
very expensive (build upwards to
save cost)
Urban Model 1:
Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model
B - ‘Twilight Zone’ - has 2 sections:
1 - wholesale light manufacturing
(transitional)
2 - low class residential (old inner
city areas):
- 19 Century terraced buildings
- no gardens
- cheap, dirty slum areas
- GRID IRON street pattern
- high rise blocks were built after
slums were pulled down
- attract crime
- old industries found here
Urban Model 1:
Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model
C - Council Estates:
Semi-detached
housing
gardens in large estates.
expensive private estates also
Not top quality (medium
residential). INTER WAR AREA
with
Less
here.
class
D - Commuter Zone:
High class residential area. Private,
top quality housing. Detached and
semi-detached on cheap land.
People can live here as are
prepared to pay to get to work.
Urban Model 1:
Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model
E - Countryside Areas
(suburb / exurbs):
Countryside
surrounding
the
urban area. Can also contain
villages / hamlets in which town
/ city workers live.
Urban Model 2:
Hoyts’ Sector Model
Hoyt proposed the idea that towns grew
as sectors or "wedges". That means that
if, for example, industry grew up in one
part of a 19th century town, future
industry would then develop in that
sector. As the town grew, so would the
area of industry and therefore it would
grow out in a wedge shape.
A – Central Business District
B1 – Wholesale Light Manufacturing
B2 – Low Class Residential
C – Council Estates
D – Commuter Zone (Suburbs)
E - Countryside
City Transect
Increase in vegetation
This city transect shows a cross section through a city. The CBD is
located in the centre of the diagram and the other areas are clearly
marked. On your diagram, add 10 labelled arrows which show
changes in the three quality of life environments towards and away
from the centre of the city. Examples: traffic, costs, vegetation, etc.
City Transect
Examples of labels
Increase in vegetation
Decrease in traffic congestion
Increase in housing cost
Decrease in land costs
Decrease in services
Increase in building height
Increase in crime
Decrease in space
Increase in competition for land
Decrease in car ownership
Urban Model 3:
LEDC Model
Cities in LEDCs have a very
different land use pattern to those
in MEDCs. The CBD is dominated
by modern administrative and
commercial
activities.
Richer
people live in modern high-rise
apartments around the CBD.
Recently arrived migrants from
rural areas live in derelict land and
on the outskirts.
Housing quality decreases with
distance from the CBD, unlike in
MEDCs, where quality increases
with distance from the CBD.