Transcript Document

Models of
Urban Land Use
Concentric
Zone Model
• Created by E.W.
Burgess (1924)
• Views cities as
growing outward from
a central area in a
series of Concentric
Rings
• It is dynamic (can
change) as inner rings
grow larger.
• Neighborhoods
change through a
process of invasion
and succession.
• Poorer inhabitants
drive wealthier
residents further away
from the central city.
Characteristics of Zone One (CBD)
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Concentration of nonresidential activities
High property costs
Characteristics of Zone Two
(Zone of Transition)
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Transition between the CBD and purely
residential areas
Light industry and housing for the poor
Characteristics of Zone Three
(Residential Lower “Working” Class)
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Working class homes
Housing less expensive here than in the
outer rings
Characteristics of Zone Four
(Residential Middle Class)
Characteristics of Zone Five
(Residential – Upper Class)
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Commuter’s zone
Farthest away from CBD
Residences for sleeping and leisure time
activities
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Larger and more expensive homes
Middle-class residences
Residents able to afford transportation to
CBD
Concentric
Zone Model
Weaknesses
• Old
• Before Cars
• Where are the commuters?
• Decentralization?
• Physical Landscape?
• What else do you see as a weakness?
Sector Model
• Created by Homer
Hoyt (1939) as a
variant of the
concentric zone theory
• Describes a city that
develops in a series of
sectors “wedges”, not
rings
• New sector?
“NEW”
Sector Model
• Sectors may be determined by
environmental factors (e.g.
bodies of water), or they simply
may develop by chance.
• Districts attract like activities.
• “Filter down” residential
Land Model Use Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyXg2aTEgOI
Art Break !!!
Grab a white board and expo
marker.
Partner # 1 – Drawl and label the
model created by E.W. Burgess
Partner # 2 – Drawl and label the
model that uses wedges
MultipleNuclei Model
• Developed by C.D.
Harris and E.L.
Ullman (1945)
• Stated that large
cities develop by
spreading from
several nodes of
growth, not just one
• Different types of people and activities cluster around each node.
• Nodes have specific functions (i.e.. Ports, universities,
neighborhoods)
MultipleNuclei Model
• The multiple nuclei model
explains that incompatible
land use activities do NOT
cluster in the same
locations.
• The nodes, then, influence
the type of development that
occurs around them.
Common Elements:
Concentric Zone, Sector & Multiple-Nuclei Models
All Three Models:
• Based on Chicago, a city on flat land
with only Lake Michigan to the east
• Include a Central Business District
(CBD)
• Have residential areas with various
levels of income
Urban Realms Model
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Author: James E. Vance Jr. (1960)
City has been decentralized and edge
cities are now the center of realms which
surround the city.
Main CBD is no longer as influential as it
once was.
Now urban realms have become, so
large they even have “exurbs”, not just
suburbs.
Exurbs are suburbs that are, so far away
from a city they really can’t be called
suburbs any more.
Exp: San Francisco Bay area
Let’s Do That Again - Art Break II
Group 1 – Physically
create the Multiplenuclei urban land
model.
Group 2 – Physically
create the Urban
Realms land model.
Be Creative !
Models Around the World –
Latin American Cities
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Author: Griffin-Ford
Combining radial sectors and concentric
zones.
Includes a thriving CBD with a
commercial spine.
Quality of houses decreases as one
moves outward away from the CBD,
Slums aka favela located in outer rings
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8MBxbBqee0
Models Around the World –
Islamic (NASWA) Cities
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Author: H. Hourani and S. M. Stern
(1967)
Mosque at center
Walls guarding their perimeter
Open-air markets aka “bazar”
Courtyards surrounded by high walls
Dead-end streets that limit foot traffic
in residential areas
Examples: Mecca and Medina
Models Around the World –
African (Sub-Saharan) Cities
• Author: Bill De Blij
• History of European Colonialism
• Europeans created prominent urban
centers including ports along the coast.
• Central city is found to have three central
business districts (CBDs):
1. Colonial CBD - vertical development
2. Market Zone - open-air, informal
3. Traditional CBD - traditional architecture
• Residential: ethnic and mixed
neighborhoods, in which people have
strong ethnic identities.
• Squatter settlements consist of poor
neighborhoods “shantytowns”
Models Around the World –
Asian Cities
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Author: T.G. McGee (1967)
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No CBD is visible. However,
several components of the CBD
are present in separate areas in
the city.
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Components of the CBD are
clustered around the port zone.
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The focal point is the Port Zone
reflecting a city oriented around
exporting.
Models Around the World –
European Cities
• Author:
• Mainly Primate cities in Europe
• Everything is centered on this
main city.
• Inability to build up as much due
to a history of lower level
buildings
• Wealthy heavily concentrated in
inner rings
• Poor in suburbs with higher
density buildings this encourages
separation and is similar to US
(shops schools worse in suburbs)
Grab a white board and an expo marker and lets get started!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEjXnz24inU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvO2geUhCu8