Transcript Transformational Leadership

Transformational
Leadership
Relates to leadership effectiveness (Lowe
et al, 1996).
 Relates to high employee performance
(Dvir et al., 2002).


Influences employee motivation and
performance (Avolio and Shamir, 2002)
through two mechanisms (Kark, Shamir
and Chen, 2003):
1) Creation of follower’s personal
identification with the leader
2) Social identification with the work unit
Personal Identification
It occurs when an individual’s belief about
a person (a leader) becomes selfreferential or self-defining (Pratt, 1998).
 Charismatic leadership theory posits that it
is a central mechanism through which
charismatic leaders influence followers
(Conger and Kanungo, 1998).
 Such influence is based on reference
power.

Personal Identification
Two modes of personal identification:
 Evoking followers’ self-concept in the
recognition that they share similar values
with the leader and/or
 Giving rise to followers’ desire to change
their self-concept so that their beliefs and
values become more similar to those of
the leader.
Social Identification

Implies that an individual’s belief
The Two Faces of Transformational
Leadership:
Empowerment and Dependency
Transformational Leadership
Comprise four components:
 Inspirational motivation
 Idealized influence
 Individualized consideration
 Intellectual stimulation
Inspirational Motivation

Represent the notion of charisma (Avolio, Bass
and Jung, 1999).
Includes:
 the creation and presentation of an attractive
vision of the future
 the use of symbols and emotional arguments.
 The demonstration of optimism and enthusiasm
Idealized Influence
Includes behaviors such as
 Sacrificing for the benefit of the group
 Setting a personal example
 Demonstrating high ethical standards
Individualized Consideration
Includes
 Providing support
 Providing encouragement
 Providing coaching to followers

Intellectual Stimulation

Involves behaviors that increase
awareness of problems and challenge
followers to view problems from new
perspectives

Defined on the basis of its effects, that is
transforming the values and priorities of
followers and motivating them to perform
beyond their expectations (Yukl, 1998).