Transcript UNITED NATIONS - 愛逛街

• United Nations (UN) is an
international organization
dedicated to promoting
peace and security
around the world.
• UN was founded on
October 24, 1945 by
original 51 member states.
• UN logo symbolizes the
world held in the “olive
branch”.
• Maintain peace throughout
the world
• Promote better living
standard for everyone
• Eliminate poverty, hunger,
disease, and illiteracy
• Encourage human rights
and freedom
• Prevent and stop
environmental destruction
• Assist countries in need
• United Nations’ headquarters is located in New
York City.
• The UN European Headquarters is in the Palais
des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland.
• The United Nations has its own flag, its own post
office and its own postage stamps.
• The six official
languages of United
Nations are Arabic,
Chinese, English,
French, Russian and
Spanish.
• The head of the UN
Secretariat is the
Secretary-General.
• The current UN
Secretary-General is
Ban Ki-moon of South
Korea.
• Member states =
Nations that have
joined the UN.
• 192 independent
nations are members of
the UN.
• The Big 5 = China,
France, Russia, United
Kingdom, and United
States. (5 Permanent
Members on the
Security Council)
Secretariat
International
Court of
Justice
(ICJ)
Economic
and Social
Council
(ECOSOC)
General
Assembly
(GA)
Security Council
(SC)
•The General Assembly is the only main organ
which represents all member states.
•Each nation has one vote in the General
Assembly.
•2/3 majority in the General Assembly is
required to pass a resolution, solutions to a
given problem that has been debated on.
• United Nations Children’s
Fund (UNICEF)
• United Nations
Educations, Scientific,
and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
• United Nations
Development Fund for
Women (UNIFEM)
• United Nations
Environment Programme
(UNEP)
• What does the term millennium mean?
• What is meant by the phrase “global
goals” ?
• How can we measure the achievement
of these goals? (establish “targets”)
• Millennium = Period of 1000 years
• Since there is no year 0 in the
transition from BC (years ‘Before
Christ’) to AD (years ‘Anno
Domini’ or after Christ’s birth),
the 1st millennium AD spans year
‘1-1000’.
• The 2nd millennium is ‘1001-2000’.
• The 3rd Millennium began
January 1, 2001.
• Goal = An objective or the
purpose toward which an
endeavor is directed
• Thus, the Millennium Goals
are objectives to be
achieved by the United
Nations between 20002015.
• Established at the Millennium
Summit in September 2000.
• The Millennium Declaration
defines specific goals.
• Specific objectives or targets
are identified with deadlines
and development criteria.
• These goals form a blueprint
agreed to by all the nations
and global leading
development institutions.
Brainstorming
Can you identify the global issues
that you believe to be the most in
need of attention?
• What is the
responsibility that
comes along with
knowledge about
these situations?
• Who is ultimately
responsible for the
world’s problems?
• Reduce by half the proportion of
people living on less than a dollar
a day.
-1.1 billion in all developing
countries; 2001 46.4% of people
living in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Reduce by half the proportion of
people who suffer from hunger.
-Every 3.6 seconds one person dies
of starvation. Usually it is a child
under the age of 5.
• Ensure that all boys
and girls complete a
full course of primary
schooling.
-More than 100
million children
around the world
do not have access
to primary school
education.
Facts
• Universal primary education would cost $10
billion a year - that's half what Americans
spend on ice cream.
• Out-of-school children in developing countries
are especially vulnerable to poverty, hunger,
violence, exploitation and disease,
contributing to future generations of people
with limited life chances and almost certain
poverty.
• Eliminate gender
disparity in primary and
secondary education
preferably by 2005, and
at all levels by 2015.
-Nineteen countries
have failed to
achieve gender parity
in primary education
and twenty-four
countries have
failed to alleviate the
gender gap in
secondary education.
• Reduce by two thirds the
mortality rate among
children under five
-The world child
mortality rate was cut
almost in half
from 1960 to 1990, and
then was reduced by
another 11 percent in
the 1990s as a result of
carefully targeted
efforts by experienced
international agencies.
• Reduce by three quarters
the maternal mortality ratio
-It is estimated that
around 529,000 women
die each year from
maternal causes. For
every woman who dies,
nearly 20 more
suffer injuries, infection
and disabilities in
pregnancy/childbirth.
This means at least 10
million women a year
incur this type of
damage.
• Halt and begin to reverse the
spread of HIV/AIDS.
-About 36.3 million persons of
working age are now living
with HIV/AIDS – a majority in
sub-Saharan Africa.
• Halt and begin to reverse the
incidence of malaria and
other major diseases.
-According to the World
Health Organization, malaria
is the most expensive
disease—the world's
greatest single cause of
disablement.
• Integrate the principles of sustainable
development into country policies and
programs; reverse loss of environmental
resources.
• Reduce by half the proportion of people
without sustainable access to safe drinking
water.
• Develop further an open
trading and financial
system that is rule-based,
predictable and nondiscriminatory with a
commitment to good
governance,
development and
poverty reduction—
nationally/internationally.
• Address the least
developed countries'
special needs.
• Deal comprehensively
with developing countries'
debt problems.
• In cooperation with the
developing countries,
develop decent and
productive work for youth.
• Work with pharmaceutical
companies, provide
access to affordable
essential drugs in
developing countries.
• With support of the private
sector, make available
the benefits of new
technologies.
• How do the Millennium
Goals compare to those
you came up with?
• What are the issues that
you care about?
• How can you get
involved to do something?
• Are there ways to think
globally, while acting
locally?