Transcript AVIATION WEATHER

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AVIATION ROUTINE
WEATHER REPORT
(METAR)
International code format for hourly surface
weather observations
- Issued every hour on the hour for hundreds of
locations world wide
- Contain the latest available weather
information
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PURPOSE
TO PROVIDE THE PILOT WITH THE
LATEST WEATHER CONDITIONS AT A
DESTINATION, ALTERNATE OR ANY
OTHER STATION
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CONDITIONS REPORTED
• Type of report
• Station identifier (four letters)
• Date and time of observation
• Winds
• Visibility
• Precipitation and obscurations
• Sky condition
• Temperature and dew point
• Altimeter setting
• Remarks
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ELO 1
Interpret the heading of a
METAR report
METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•TYPE REPORT
•METAR -- ROUTINE HOURLY REPORT
•SPECI -- SPECIAL WEATHER REPORT
•COR -- CORRECTION TO PREVIOUS REPORT
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•STATION IDENTIFIER
•KOZR -- Cairns AAF.
•KMXF -- Maxwell AFB
•KLSF -- Lawson AAF.
•KBIX -- Keesler AFB.
•KBKF -- Buckley
•KFCS -- Butts AAF.
•KFLV -- Sherman AAF.
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•DATE & TIME
•All times in UTC ( ZULU)
Z- 5 = CDT
Z- 6 = CST
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ELO 2
Interpret the wind
information
METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•SURFACE WIND
•Wind direction in reference to TRUE north and is
reported to the nearest 10°.
• Wind speed is a 2 minute average reported to the
nearest knot .
•Calm wind is shown as 00000KT.
•VRB is used when direction is variable and speed is
less than or equal to 6 knots. Example: VRB05KT
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 20015KT180V260 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•SURFACE WIND
•Gust - fluctuations in wind speed of 10kts or more
between peaks and lulls. Example: 20015G25KT
• Varying. A “V” is used when wind varies 60° or more
and the wind is greater than 6KTS
• Peak Wind. Peak wind is reported in remarks when
instantaneous speed is greater than 25 knots.
Example: RMK 22030/15
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ELO 3
Interpret the visibility
information
METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•PREVAILING VISIBILITY
•Visibility - The greatest horizontal distance specified
objects can be seen and identified. Reported in miles
and fractions of miles.
•Prevailing visibility - The greatest horizontal distance
that specified objects can be seen over at least onehalf of the horizon, not necessarily continuous.
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1/16SM
1/2SM
7/8SM
3/8SM
Prevailing Visibility 1/2SM
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3/4SM
11/2SM
7/8SM
1/2SM
Prevailing Visibility 7/8SM
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•PREVAILING VISIBILITY
• Variable visibility is explained in the
remarks section
• Sector Visibility
RMK VIS N 2
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•Runway Visual Range (RVR)
- Only given when the prevailing visibility is 1SM or
less and/or the RVR value is 6000FT or less.
- R06/
- 2400FT
Runway 06 plus L,C, or R
Visibility, M400FT P6000FT
- R06L/2000V4000FT Variability
KOZR 221736Z 09009KT 1SM R06/3500VP6000FT
+RA BR OVC008 22/21 A2999 RMK AO2A RAB1714
SLP155
$
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM R06/2400FT
METAR KMXF 121455Z 19006KT 3/8SM
METAR KLSF 121455Z 31010KT 8SM
METAR KBIX
121455Z 24012G23KT 11/2SM
METAR KBKF 121455Z 34012KT 7SM
METAR KFCS 121452Z 33008KT 60SM
METAR KFLV 121455Z 03004KT 4SM
METAR KMIB 121455Z 01024KT 1/2SM
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
Present Weather
•Precipitation
Intensity indicators
Descriptors
•Obscurations
Descriptors
•Other
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27E47 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•PRECIPITATION SYMBOLS
RA- rain
SN- snow
Note:
The time precipitation
DZ- drizzle
began and/or ended will
PL- ice pellets
be shown in the remarks
GR- hail
section
SG - snow grains
GS- snow pellets
IC- ice crystals
UP- unknown precipitation
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ
•INTENSITY INDICATORS
LIGHT
–
MODERATE
HEAVY
NO SIGN
+
NOTE: INTENSITY INDICATORS APPLY TO THE FIRST
PRECIPITATION SHOWN
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•DESCRIPTORS
BC - PATCHES
BL - BLOWING
DR - LOW DRIFTING
FZ - SUPERCOOLED/FREEZING
MI - SHALLOW
PR - PARTIAL
SH - SHOWERS
TS - THUNDERSTORM
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•OBSCURATIONS
FG - FOG
HZ - HAZE
FU - SMOKE
DU - DUST
BR - MIST
SA - SAND
VA - VOLCANIC ASH
PY - SPRAY
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•OTHER
PO - DUST/SAND SWIRLS
SQ - SQUALLS
FC - FUNNEL CLOUD
+FC - TORNADO
SS - SANDSTORM
DS - DUSTSTORM
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INTENSITY DESC PRECIP DESC OBSC OTHER
+
_
BL
DR
SH
TS
FZ
RA
SN
DZ
PL
GR
SG
GS
IC
UP
BC
BL
DR
FZ
MI
PR
SHRA BC FG
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FG
HZ
FU
DU
BR
SA
VA
PY
SQ
FC
+FC
SS
DS
PO
INTENSITY DESC PRECIP DESC OBSC OTHER
+
_
BL
DR
SH
TS
FZ
RA
SN
DZ
PL
GR
SG
GS
IC
UP
BC
BL
DR
FZ
MI
PR
SH RAGS MI FG
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FG
HZ
FU
DU
BR
SA
VA
PY
SQ
FC
+FC
SS
DS
PO
INTENSITY DESC PRECIP DESC OBSC OTHER
+
_
BL
DR
SH
TS
FZ
RA
SN
DZ
PL
GR
SG
GS
IC
UP
BC
BL
DR
FZ
MI
PR
+TSRAPL BLPY
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FG
HZ
FU
DU
BR
SA
VA
PY
SQ
FC
+FC
SS
DS
PO
METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM R06/2400FT -DZ
METAR KMXF 121455Z 19006KT 3/8SM -RA
METAR KLSF 121455Z 31010KT 8SM RA
METAR KBIX
121455Z 24012G23KT 11/2SM TSRA
METAR KBKF 121455Z 34012KT 7SM
METAR KFCS 121452Z 33008KT 60SM FZDZ
METAR KFLV 121455Z 03004KT 4SM -SN
METAR KMIB 121455Z 01024KT 1/2SM +SN
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ELO 4
Interpret the ceiling
information
METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•SKY CONDITION
•SKC/CLR
•FEW - 1 to 2 Octas
•SCT - 3 to 4 Octas
•BKN - 5 to 7 Octas
•OVC - 8 OCTAS
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CEILING
DEFINED AS THE LOWEST LAYER
ALOFT REPORTED AS BROKEN OR
OVERCAST. IF THE SKY IS TOTALLY
OBSCURED, THE VERTICAL
VISIBILITY SHALL BE THE CEILING.
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3000 2000
1000 Observation 1000 2000 3000
point
FEW 010 SCT 020 BKN 030
Ceiling
030
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3000 2000
1000 Observation 1000 2000 3000
point
SCT 010 SCT 020 OVC 030
Ceiling
030
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Siegler
METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•SKY CONDITION
•SKC/CLR
•FEW - 1 to 2 Octas
•SCT - 3 to 4 Octas
•BKN - 5 to 7 Octas
•OVC - 8 OCTAS
•V V - Vertical Visibility
•V VIII - height not available
•BKN000 - Partial Obscuration
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SKC
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CEILING- THE LOWEST LAYER REPORTED
AS BROKEN OR OVERCAST. IF THE SKY IS TOTALLY
OBSCURED, THE VERTICAL VISIBILITY SHALL BE
THE CEILING.
Vertical Visibility:
1. The distance that the observer can see vertically into
an indefinite ceiling.
IF THE SKY IS TOTALLY OBSCURED, THE VERTICAL
2. The height corresponding to the top of a ceiling light
VISIBILITY
SHALL
BE
THE
CEILING.
projector beam.
3. The height at which a ceiling balloon completely
disappears.
EXAMPLE:
VV004 “ Indefinite Ceiling 400 feet”
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•PARTIAL OBSCURATIONS
•FEW000 - 1/8 to 2/8 sky obscured - Few
clouds less than 50ft
•SCT000 - 3/8 to 4/8 sky obscured Scattered clouds less than 50ft
•BKN000 - 5/8 to7/8 sky obscured Broken clouds less than 50ft
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ELO 5
Interpret the surface
temperature and dewpoint
information
METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•TEMPERATURE / DEWPOINT
• In Celsius
M for Minus
• 2 Degree spread for saturation
• If temperature missing, group is omitted
• If dew point missing, only temp shown
Ex: 17/
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METAR KBKF 121455Z 34012KT 7SM CLR
2/M4
METAR KFCS 121452Z 33008KT 60SM FZDZ SCT150
BKN250 M3/M7
METAR KFLV 121455Z 03004KT 4SM -SN HZ OVCOO6
M27/M28
METAR KMIB 121455Z 01024KT 1/2SM +SN BLSN
OVC040 M21/M22
ELO 6
Interpret altimeter setting
information
METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•ALTIMETER SETTING
• A2982
Inches of Mercury
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ELO 7
Interpret the remarks
contained a a METAR
report
METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•REMARKS
•Partial Obscurations (and their causes)
• FG FEW000, HZ SCT000, VA BKN000
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•REMARKS
• VARIABLE CEILING HEIGHT
- CIG BKN025 V OVC
• VARIABLE SKY CONDITION
-SCT025 V BKN
•
VARIABLE PREVAILING VISIBILITY
– VIS 3/4V1 1/2
METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•REMARKS
• BEGINNING AND ENDING
•
TSB20E44, RAE50, SNB41E54
METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•REMARKS
• HZALQDS
• CIGRGD
• SVR DWNDFTS NR MTNS
• CB EBDD IN OVC
• CB W MOV E, TCU OHD
• SHRA U SE
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•REMARKS
•SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE
SLP963 = 996.3
SLP132 = 1013.2
SLP866 = 986.6
SLP170 = 1017.0
SLP996 = 999.6
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
• TEMP / DEWPOINT IN TENTHS
– Positive Temperatures prefixed with “0”
– Negative Temperatures prefixed with “1”
T01660156
x x
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ELO 8
Decode / interpret a METAR
report
METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•REMARKS
• A01
• A02
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•REMARKS
•
•
•
•
•
LTG
CC
CG
CA
IC
LTGICCC
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•REMARKS
•
•
•
•
LTG
OCNL - Occasional
FRQ - Frequent
CONS - Continuous
FRQ LTGCC NE, CONS LTGCG SW
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•REMARKS
• DSNT - Distant, 10 to 30 SM from station
• VC – Vicinity, within 5 to 10 SM from station
• OHD - Overhead
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM
R06/2400FT DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942
RMK VIS1/8V3/4 DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963
T01660156
•REMARKS
• THUNDERSTORM LOCATION
TS OHD MOV N, TS DSNT S MOV N
• HAILSTONE SIZE
GR 1 3/4
• VIRGA
VIRGA SW
• PRESSURE RISING / FALLING RAPIDLY
PRESRR, PRESFR
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METAR KOZR 121455Z 18005KT 1/2SM R06/2400FT
DZ FG FEW000 OVC035 17/16 A2942 RMK VIS1/8V3/4
DZB27 FG FEW000 SLP963 T01660156
METAR KMXF 121455Z 19006KT 3/8SM -RA FGHZ
VV003 18/18 A2984 RMK RAB40 SLP105 T01830183
METAR KLSF 121455Z 31010KT 8SM RA VV007
17/15 A2987 RMK RAB10E15B25 T01680146
METAR KBIX 121455Z 24012G23KT 11/2SM TSRAGR
SCT020 BKN030 20/17 A3003 RMK TSB40GRB50
CIG 028V032 SLP210 T02000167
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Safety First…
“A weather observation
is only useful to the
extent that the pilot
understands it.”
FM 1-230 References
for today
• METARs Appendix B
FM 1-230 References
for tomorrow…
• Surface Analysis Chart 18-4
• Weather Depiction Chart 18-5
• Radar Summary 18-8
The end
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