Transcript DDC in Scandinavia : exploring new translation models of

Dewey in Scandinavia :
exploring new translation models of Dewey
Presentation at
Dewey goes Europe : on the use and development of the Dewey
Decimal Classification (DDC) in European libraries,
Vienna 28 April, 2009
Ingebjørg Rype, National Library of Norway
Magdalena Svanberg, National Library of Sweden
www.kb.se
Outline
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Why consider new translation models of Dewey in Scandinavia?
– Sweden
– Norway
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The mixed translation model – what is it?
Exploring the mixed model – the results of the pilot studies and a
workshop
New approaches to the mixed model
– Sweden
– Norway
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Future work
www.kb.se
Classification in Sweden – a background
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Most libraries in Sweden use a national Swedish classification scheme,
SAB.
A Swedish switch to Dewey is under way.
– Decision by the National Library to switch from the national scheme SAB to
Dewey.
– Recommendation by the Swedish Library Association.
– Research libraries have decided or are preparing for a decision.
– Interest among public libraries.
www.kb.se
Why consider new translation models of Dewey in Sweden?
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Need for a Swedish translation of Dewey
Until now, the only Dewey content available in Swedish is the Dewey
Summaries
The abridged edition is too brief.
To translate and maintain the full edition means a lot of work.
Translations of DDC numbers far down in the hierarchy with little or no
literary warrant in Sweden would be of limited value.
Following the Norwegian example, with an abridgment of our own
– Could cause problems with interoperability.
– Would be time consuming in itself.
www.kb.se
Classification and indexing in Norway – a background
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Dewey is used by most libraries in Norway
Use of different editions of Dewey
(DDK 5, DDC 21, DDC 22 and WebDewey)
Norway has no national subject heading system
Different local indexes to Dewey in OPACs
www.kb.se
DDK 5
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DDK 5 based on DDC 21
Special customized edition on the level between Abridged and full DDC
Level of abridgment based on literary warrant in Norwegian libraries
Used by:
– Public and school libraries
– Biblioteksentralen (The Library Center)
– The National Bibliography
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Used for reference and for specific subjects by university and special
libraries, but in general they use DDC 22 /WebDewey
DDK 5 is important for development of Norwegian terminology in local
subject headings
www.kb.se
Why consider new translation models of DDC in Norway?
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Use of different versions of Dewey makes reuse of classification numbers
in the copy cataloging process difficult
Use of different versions of Dewey makes it difficult to search by Dewey
numbers across catalogs
One version of Dewey would make it easier to create end user tools (a la
MelvilSearch) which could be used across catalogs
www.kb.se
Example from BIBSYS
Mitt liv, min frihet : en selvbiografi / Ayaan Hirsi Ali ; oversatt av
Poul Henrik Poulsen. - [Oslo] : Cappelen, 2008. - 431 s., pl. : ill.
Originaltittel: Infidel
BIBSYS:
297
305.486
305.486092
305.48697
305.486971
920.0092
920.72
Number assigned by LC:
949.207/3092
www.kb.se
Important considerations before switching to a web version
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How can the classification praxis be more standardized among all
Norwegian libraries?
Is it possible to develop one edition of Dewey which could be used by all
libraries?
Is it possible to develop a model which is not as time consuming as
translating the whole Dewey or continue the special customized DDK?
www.kb.se
What is the mixed translation model?
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Use Dewey data in the vernacular as framework
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Update the vernacular data to match the current version of the DDC
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Where needed, add English-language classes from full edition to
complete hierarchies
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Translate the auxiliary tables (Tables 1-6) in full
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Use standard terminology for instructions in the language of each record
(e.g., “Her:” / “Class here”)
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Include logical abridgment instructions to address use by smaller
collections
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Provide separate indexes featuring the terminology available in each
language
www.kb.se
Excerpt from DDK 5
616.047
Symptomer og generelle patologiske prosesser som problemer i
seg selv
Inkluderer: Betennelser, feber, infeksjoner, koldbrann, sjokk, ødemer,
kroniskt tretthetssyndrom (myalgisk encefalomyelitt)
Her: Symptombeskrivelse [tidligere 616.072]; patologi, diagnose,
behandling av symptomer med ulike sykdomsårsaker
Klassifiser tolkning av symptomer for diagnose og prognose i 616.075.
Klassifiser symptomer og patologiske prosesser vedrørende en bestemt
sykdom eller kategori sykdommer med sykdommen eller kategori
sykdommer, for eksempel symptomer på hjertesykdommer 616.12.
Klassifiser kronisk tretthetssyndrom betraktet som en bestemt type
sykdom med sykdommen, f.eks, kronisk tretthetssyndrom betraktet som
en sykdom i immunsystemet 616.97.
616.047 2 Smerte
Klassifiser hodepine i 616.84
www.kb.se
Excerpt from Mixed edition
616.047
Symptomer og generelle patalogiske prosesser som problemer i
seg selv
Inkluderer: Feber, koldbrann, ødemer
Her: Patologi, diagnose, behandling av symptomer med ulike
sykdomsårsaker; symptombeskrivelse
Infeksjoner klassifiseres nå i 616.901-616.96
Klassifiser oversiktsverker om palliativ pleie i 616.029; klassifiser tolkning
av symptomer for diagnose og prognose i 616.075; klassifiser virkninger
av skader og sår i 617.2; klassifiser komplikasjoner og følgesykdommer i
617.91/9. Klassifiser symptomer og patologiske prosesser vedrørende en
bestemt sykdom eller kategori sykdommer med sykdommen eller kategori
sykdommer, for eksempel symptomer på hjertesykdommer 616.12.
616.047 2
Smerte
Klassifiser hodepine i 616.84/91
616.047 3
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616.047 8
(English language subdivisions)
www.kb.se
Excerpt from Mixed edition
– English language subdivisions
616.047 3 Inflammation
616.047 5 Shock and multiple organ failure
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
For shock associated with injury or surgery, see 617.21
616.047 8 Chronic fatigue syndrome
Class here chronic fatigue syndrome discussed as a specific kind of
disease [formerly with the kind of disease], myalgic encephalomyelitis
See also 616.04/4 for chronic diseases.
www.kb.se
Excerpt from Mixed edition
– Norwegian index terms to captions in English
616.0473
Inflammation
Betennelser – Symptomatologi
616.0475
Shock and multiple organ failure
Flerorgansvikt – Symptomatologi
Sjokk – Symptomatologi
616.0478
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Kronisk tretthetssyndrom – Symptomatologi
Myalgisk encefalomyelitt - Symptomatologi
www.kb.se
Pilot studies
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Usability as a classifier’s tool
Navigation between Norwegian and English terminology
Difference between classifying Norwegian or English literature?
www.kb.se
Advantages
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More index terms
Index terms in both English and Norwegian
The whole Dewey from one source
www.kb.se
Disadvantages
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Norwegian content in instruction notes and including notes disappeared
Not all Norwegian librarians have mastered English well enough to use it
as an entry point to Dewey.
Confusing with mix of languages
www.kb.se
Workshop
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Arranged by the Norwegian committe on classification and indexing
(NKKI), the National Library, and Library Education
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What level do we need for a new Norwegian translation?
Is it possible to create a Norwegian edition which could be used by all
libraries?
www.kb.se
New approach to the mixed model - Norway
The workshop gave a recommendation for full translation:
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Norwegian terminology is important.
– for cataloguers to understand the instructions in Dewey and classify fast and
correctly.
– as a basis for subject headings
– as an access point for librarians and end users
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Need for consistency in classification - easier to maintain if all libraries
use one Dewey edition
Those who use a full edition today would not use a mixed edition
The need for exchange of classification data makes it important with
interoperable data
A full translation needs abridgment instructions on DDK level.
www.kb.se
Future work - Norway
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NKKI will give a recommendation to the National Library on a full
translation with abridgment instructions
If not a full translation: How to use the experiences from the Mixed edition
project?
– a datafile containing the full (English-language) Dewey from which we can
produce an abridged Norwegian version?
– abridged on DDK-level with extended index?
– indexes in both Norwegian and English?
www.kb.se
New approach to the mixed model - Sweden
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For Sweden, the mixed model still seems to be a possible way to reach a
Swedish translation in reasonable time and with reasonable resources.
Differences from the Norwegian circumstances
– No translation at all to start from.
– University libraries are the main user group.
– Svenska ämnesord (Swedish subject headings) is an additional access point
and source of terminology.
– SAB does not provide detailed notes, and the scheme is not extensively
indexed. Swedish librarians are used to coping without this kind of information
in the classification scheme.
www.kb.se
Level of initial translation to Swedish
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Dewey classes mapped to SAB in the converting table SAB-Dewey.
Dewey classes found in the abridged edition of DDC.
All superordinate classes to translated classes.
www.kb.se
www.kb.se
SAB is guiding the level of translation
DDC number
Caption
616
Sjukdomar
616.04
Särskilda medicinska förhållanden
616.042
Genetiska sjukdomar (Ärftliga sjukdomar)
616.043
Medfödda sjukdomar
616.044
Chronic diseases
616.047
Symtom och allmänna patologiska processer som problem i sig
616.0472
Smärta
616.0473
Inflammation
616.0475
Shock and multiple organ failure
616.0478
Chronic fatigue syndrome
www.kb.se
Swedish subject headings will be mapped to DDC
DDC number
Swedish subject headings (examples)
616
Sjukdomar
616.042
Genetiska sjukdomar
Kromosomrubbningar
Medicinsk genetik
616.043
Missbildningar hos människan
Siamesiska tvillingar
616.044
Kroniska sjukdomar
616.047
Symtom
Feber
616.0472
Smärta
616.0473
Inflammation
616.0475
Chock
616.0478
Kroniskt trötthetssyndrom
www.kb.se
The abridged DDC will complement the level
363.4 Controversies related to public morals
• No counterpart in SAB.
• Will still be translated, since it is a number from the abridged edition.
www.kb.se
Future work - Additional translation into Swedish
Guided by:
• Literary warrant in LIBRIS, the Swedish union catalog
• Need for Swedish terminology and Swedish examples, based on
problems reported by Swedish librarians.
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Work in progress
Possibly an intermediate step on the way to a full translation?
www.kb.se
Future work -The mixed edition as an end-user tool?
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The mixed edition as an end-user tool has not been studied yet.
How will the mix of languages work for an end-user, possibly with no
knowledge of English?
Browsing top-down – no big difference from using an abridged edition for
browsing.
Searching could be more of a problem, but the mappings SAO-DDC will
help up the situation
Plans for a pilot study of the mixed edition as an end-user tool using
MelvilSearch.
www.kb.se
2009-04-16/Magdalena Svanberg
Captions will be in English further down in the hierarchy.
Do you want to continue browsing?
www.kb.se
Did you mean keratosis?
No? Try another term or try searching for an English term.
www.kb.se
The Swedish Dewey project
Goals:
• Translating Dewey to Swedish using the mixed model
• Mapping Swedish subject headings to Dewey
• Developing tools to search and navigate material with SAB codes and
material with Dewey numbers together.
• Training
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Start May 2009
The Swedish mixed edition will be made available when a reasonable
amount of the content is translated into Swedish.
National Library switches to DDC in 2011 or 2012.
Libraries can switch to DDC during the project, or wait for the switch of
the National Library.
www.kb.se
Thank you!
Ingebjørg Rype
National Library of Norway
Telephone: + 47 23 27 6217
E-mail: [email protected]
Magdalena Svanberg
National Library of Sweden
Telephone: +46 8 463 44 45
E-mail: [email protected]
www.kb.se