Transcript Eastern Mediterranean - Mr. Prindiville's Portal

Unit 4
•What
we’ve learned about:
•North
Africa
•Turkey, Iran, and Iraq
•The Arabian Peninsula
•Eastern Mediterranean
Review Materials
• 17.1 and
•
17.2
Look over reading and reading quizzes
• 18.1 
foldable, reading, and quiz
• 18.2 
foldable and reading
• 18.3 
foldable and reading
• 18.4 
worksheet in class. Remember, the questions will be
simple.
• Arab-Israeli Conflict class
work and videos. Videos are here.
NORTH AFRICA
North Africa
• Cultures mixed
• Berbers = nomads. They were in North Africa first.
• Around the 600s, nomadic Bedouin from the Arabian
Peninsula came over to North Africa and began mixing with
the Berbers
North Africa
•
•
People settled along the coasts because that’s where the water
is… water is really nice… it’s hard to live in the world’s
largest desert
Early civilizations: Egypt
•
They domesticated animals and were able to grow many crops
because of the Nile River (remember, people like water)
North Africa
•
Europeans come in the mid-1800s
They’re different than the Arabs – they think differently and have
different cultures and customs
• They redraw the borders
•
•
Geometric borders (create many problems because they divide people)
• Nationalism makes
people want to get rid of the Europeans
EASTERN
MEDITERRANEAN
Religion
• Super important to
•
understand religion in this region
Three major monotheistic religions (believe in one God)
Judaism
One
of the oldest monotheistic faiths
Trace their history to the ancient Israelites on the eastern bank of
the Mediterranean
Christianity
 the land of Jesus and place of apostles
Islam
 Muhammad in Mecca
 Islam quickly spread throughout the region
Independence & Conflict
Jews expelled by Romans 
Arab empire rise
European countries control a
big part of the region until
World War II

After WWII, Europeans leave. Many
new Arab nations arise. So does Israel…

Independence & Conflict
After
World War II, the United Nations divided
Palestine between the Jews and Arabs
Many
wars happened after Israel was created
These
wars caused many problems for Palestinian Arabs living in the area
who had to live as refugees in other countries.
Just like the Jews, the Palestinian Arabs also would like their own country.
Arab-Israeli Conflict
The
Problem: Israelis and
Palestinians each claim the
same territory in the Eastern
Mediterranean as their own


Conflict remains between the two peoples
trying to live in the same area
Attempts at Peace
Many different ideas
 Some argue that the
Palestinians should have their
own state and live peacefully
with Israelis


Others argue that they should not
Arab-Israeli Conflict
In
1993, a plan known as the
Oslo Accords was enacted
that gave Palestinians living
in Israel more rights
The situation has gotten worse since
that time. The government of
Palestine is controlled by a group
called Hamas, which refused to
recognize Israel and has called for
violence against the country

Class Activity on
Arab-Israeli Conflict
Gaza Strip & West Bank
• Settlements
• Efforts for Peace
•
THE
NORTHEAST
The People
•
Four major ethnic groups all related by religion
and heritage
• Turks
• Ottoman
Empire
• Speak Turkish; are Muslim
• Iranians
Persian Empire
• Speak Farsi; are Muslim
•
• Arabs
Majority of Iraq
• Speak Arabic; are Muslim
•
• Kurds
Live in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran – have no real home
• Speak Kurdish; are Muslim
•
Oil
Prior
to the 1950s, the Arab world was largely rural, nomadic,
and not advanced
Oil

was discovered in the Gulf in the early 1900s
they didn’t make much money because the price was low then
Explosion
in production and global sales in the 1940s and 50s
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum [Oil] Exporting Countries)
formed in 1950 between Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and
Venezuela

Aimed
to keep oil prices high
 Famous oil embargo (ban on trade) in the 1970s in anger over the
Arab-Israeli War.