Transcript Slide 1

MODERN WORLD
HISTORY
THE
ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT
INTERACTIVE
Why has the Arab-Israeli Conflict
been so difficult to resolve?
The
Conflict
OneArab-Israeli
land, two peoples
The Arab-Israeli Conflict
What is this conflict about?
The USSR have
supported Arab
countries in the Middle
East.
The Arab-Israeli conflict is essentially about land. Two peoples, the Jews
and the Palestinians both claim the same territory. The Jews know this
land as Israel, the Palestinian
Arabs, who also lived there, call it
Palestine
Palestine. Religion and race
has made
Jewish
or the conflict more bitter.
Israelis are Jewish and believe that
God has given the land of Israel to
Arab
them. The Palestinians are Muslims
and believe it is their duty to drive
Homeland?
The
a large
outUSA
thehas
Jews.
This clash makes the conflict much harder to solve.
Jewish community
and
Intervention
by neighbouring
Arab countries, the USA and the USSR has
Israelis
Palestinians
have
Israel.even more complicated.
Since 1917, the
madesupported
the situation
By Middle
2011, the conflict has
Religion: mainly Jewish
Muslim
(10%)
hasReligion:
been
theconflict
focus (90%),Christian
lastedLanguage:
more thanHebrew
half a century.East
As long
as the
continued,
the
Language:
Arabic
of
world
attention.
The
difficult it became
to settle.
Supported by USAmore
and Britain
Supported
by Arab countries and USSR
conflict between Israel
and the Palestinians has
led to conflict in the
whole region.
Arab-Israeli Conflict Interactive
3
Contents Page
From ancient
times to the
end of World
War I
The British
Mandate of
Palestine –
1917-1948
The state of
Israel and
the IsraelArab Wars
(1948-1982)
Peace talks
and the First
Intifada
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A Holy Land
Why did theLearning
religionsOutcomes
all claim ownership of Palestine?
Palestine
religiousyou
importance
to Jews, Christians and Muslims. The Jewish
By the was
endofofgreat
this section
will learn
claim
to the
of Israel
goes
to biblical
about
theland
claims
made
to back
Palestine
by times, 2000 years ago. The Jews lived in
the area now known as Israel. It was part of the Roman Empire.
When
the Jews rebelled
Read the
learning
Jews and Palestinians and what these
against Roman rule in 72 A.D., they were crushed. By aboutoutcomes
100 A.D., most
first.of the Jewish
claims
were
based
on.
How
did
Britain
population of Israel had spread throughout Europe and the Middle East-a dispersal known
with ArabJews
andwere
Jewish
claimspersecuted
to this but remained true to their faith and
asdeal
the diaspora.
frequently
land during the First World War?
traditions.
will also
understand
of Christ lived and died. Jerusalem, the
To You
Christians,
Palestine
was thethe
landeffects
where Jesus
district's
most important
was also
holy to Muslims. Prophet Muhammad founded the
anti-Semitism
oncity,
Jewish
European
Islamic faith herecommunities.
in 610 CE. It was from its holy rock that Mohammad ascended into
heaven.
The Arabs [Muslims] conquered the Middle East, including Palestine in 638 A.D. Arabs
claim Palestine is theirs since their conquest of the region. Most Palestinians became
Muslims but there were Christian and Jewish minorities, especially in Jerusalem. Palestine
became part of the Turkish, Ottoman Empire in 1516. The Ottoman Empire controlled
Palestine until the First World War in 1914.
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WARpromises
IN THE MIDDLE
1914-1918
Britain’s
during EAST
the First
World War
Russia
Gallipoli
Turkey
The British, led by Colonel
T E Lawrence gave the
Arabs weapons and
encouraged them to revolt
against Turkey.
The McMahon
Ottoman Empire
The
Balfour
Declaration
The
Sykes-Picot
During
the
First World
WarDealing
1914-1918,
the
Britain’s
Double
Declaration
Suez Canal
Agreement
(1915)
(1917)
Ottoman
Empire
allied
with Germany
and
Britain
and
France
had
great
interest
in
the
Syria
(1916)
Persia
Promised British
Britain
Austria
against
Britain, France
and
Middle
East and
took advantage
of
their
Palestine
would
support
forHungary
Arab
supported
the
independence,
if region.
be Britain
under
Russia.
The
war
helped
to quicken
the
collapse
Allied
attacks
influence
in
the
did
quite
a
bit
of
idea
of
a
Jewish
Egypt
the Arabs rose
international
Attacks by TE
homeland
in
Arabia
ofupthe
Ottoman
Empire.
Arabs the
andwar.
Jews both
Lawrence and
double dealing
during
administration.
against
Palestine.
the Arabs
Turkish rule.
hoped
to fill
the vacuum
leftArabs
by its and
collapse.
Land lost by
They
made
promises
to both
Jews.
Mesopotamia was part of
the Turkish Empire. Britain
wanted to stop Turkey
invading British controlled
Egypt and the oil fields in
Persia.
Turkey by the
end of the war
Oil fields
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Arab Revolt 1936-1939
Exam Skills 1:
Short answer questions
What were the main causes of the Arab Revolt?
Tension increased between Jews and Arabs as the number of Jews entering Palestine
increased. Between 1936 and 1939 there was an Arab revolt, sparked off by Arab
anger and frustration. They feared that Britain was about to hand Palestine over to the
Jews. By 1936, there were 400,000 Jews in Palestine. Many of them were better
educated than most Arabs. Jews were also supported by Jews from around the world. This
and their ability, enabled Jews to buy up land, set up businesses and prosper. Arab
guerrillas attacked Jewish farms, homes and businesses. This was mainly because Arab
tenant farmers lost their home and livelihood when landowners sold land to the Jews.
Why did Britain fail to control
Palestine in the years between
1922 and 1939?
In 1936, a full-scale rebellion broke out[8
involving
Palestinians at all levels of society. A
marks]
British army of 20,000 men was tied down in Palestine and in 1938 alone, 70 British
soldiers, 90 Jews and 1700 Arabs were killed in disturbances. The fighting was mainly
between the British and the Arabs. The rebellion continued until 1939, although the severe
British response from 1937- controls, searches and blowing up of houses to flush out the
rebels within - gradually weakened the revolt.
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British Mandate
KEYWORDS
Administration
To managed or look after
Contradictory
Saying opposite or inconsistent things
Emigration
Leaving your country or region to settle in another
Guerrillas
A small group engaging in irregular warfare carrying out acts of
terror and sabotage
Immigration
Coming to live permanently in a foreign country
Jewish Agency
An organisation set up to help Jews settle in Palestine
Mandate
Territory surrendered by Turkey or Germany after World War I and
put under the administration of Britain and France.
Palestine
Country in the Middle East claimed by Jews and Arabs
Shantytowns
A slum settlement
Suez Canal
Man made waterway linking the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea
Back to previous page
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Lebanese Lebanon
Arab-Israeli
War 1
Arab-Israeli War 1
Army
Syrian
Israeli
War
of
Independence
1948
Arab-Israeli
War 1
Syria
Israeli War of
Army
Israeli after the
war
Haifa
Independence
1948
Jews were surrounded
and outnumbered.
UN mediators tried to end
the fighting.
Israel win
Israel
the 1948
war?
Egypt
The
Jews were better
Army
led and more heavily
armed.
Egyptian
Transjordan
River Jordan
The Arab armies were
Arab Palestine
divided and poorly
Arab
Palestine
before
the war
before the war
led.
The
Saudi
Israel after the
West
Army
Israel
war before the
The Tel-Aviv
war
Jaffa
Bank
Jerusalem
Gaza
The West Bank is
The Jews had
no
Strip
seized
by
The
Arabs
armies
had
Jordanian
option other than to
Jordan
Why did
no
co-ordinated
plan.
Gaza
Hebron
Army
fight to the bitter end.
In
The Gaza Strip
seized by
February isEgypt
1949,
the
war ended.
The Arabs failed to
defeat Israel.
The Jews hadOver
the 1 million Arabs fled
technical skills of from Palestine.
British trained officers.
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A cartoon from 1973 commenting on superpower
involvement in the Arab-Israeli Conflict.
2
1
4
3
What is the message
of the cartoon?
Think
about the following when analysing cartoons.
5
The context This is about the date the cartoon was
Brezhnev
Nixonproduced. What was going on at the time?
The cartoon itself Look at all the details in the cartoon
including facial expressions. These often give a clue
about the cartoonist’s attitude to the people portrayed.
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36
What
Whatcaused
was the
theIntifada?
Intifada?
Palestinian demonstrations
included stone-throwing
Israeli
presence
in the
by
youths
against
the Gaza Strip
Israeli
Defence
and West
Bank.Force.
Despite violent acts,
Palestinian actions mainly
included nonviolent civil
disobedience and
In 1987, Palestinians
resistance.
There were general
strikes, boycotts on Israeli
products, refusal to pay
taxes, graffiti, and
barricades.
The First Intifada, 1987-1993
became frustrated with their living
conditions
and lack of progress and beganThethe
Intifada, or
Rising Palestinian
establishment
and stones. The Palestinians often
of more
Jewish the
warunemployment
of sticks and
fought
the unsolved
settlements on
Israelis
withproblem.
low-tech weapons like rocks, butPalestinian
over time,
refugee
land. they
gained access to guns and
explosives. By 1993, 1,162
What were the results of the Intifada?
Palestinians and 160 Israelis
had died.
The swung
problem
for
the
1. International
opinion
against
Israeli
tactics
Gazaknow
and the
West
Israeli soldiers was that they
didin not
how
toBank.
react to
2. The intifada put pressure on the Israelis to
the Intifada without
looking like bullies.
seek negotiations with the Palestinians.
3. October 1991, Israeli & Palestinian
thefor
1980s,
many
delegates Inmet
a series
of peace talks.
Palestinian belief
Arab states paid
that they were now
fighting alone.
less attention to
Israel.
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EXAMS SKILLS 3
Essay Writing
Question: Can the Palestinian
problem ever be resolved?
[15 marks]
5
1
There is a
MARKSCHEME and
WRITING FRAME
to help you.
The following help is
available.
Mark Scheme
Writing Frame
Click on the buttons
below for the peer
assessment support
materials.
What have you
learned so far?
Write down
several things
that have been
done to resolve
the conflict.
Don’t forget you
must EXPLAIN
your reasons.
4
2
Write down the
obstacles that
have prevented
peace between
Israel and the
Palestinians.
3
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