Transcript Outdoor Wood Boilers

Review of European Small Boiler
Regulation and Technology
Louis Fontaine
Department of Environmental Protection
Augusta ME 04333
(207) 287-7010
[email protected]
July 11, 2006
Overview




European Test Method
Emissions Standard
Technology
Effect on Competition and Innovation
July 11, 2006
EU Standard EN 303-5



Adopted 1999
Solid Fuel Boilers Up to 300 kW ( 1
MMBtu)
Applies to fossil and biogenic fuels



Coal, logs, pellet, chips, etc
Automatic and hand stoked
Construction Standards, Test Method and
Emission Standard
July 11, 2006
EN 303-5 Test Method

Two Firing Rates

Nominal and 30% load


50% load allowed for hand stoked models
Logwood Fuel


Can be Soft Wood or Hard Wood
“Net (lower) calorific value (waterfree)”

July 11, 2006
Hardwood – 18,000 kJ/kg
EN 303-5 Test Method

Parameters Measured






CO2 or O2
CO
Organic Carbon (“OGC”)
“Dust” (Particulates)
NOx when applicable
Efficiency

Ratio of delivered useful heat output to heat input
July 11, 2006
EN 303-5 Test Method

Measurement Type



All parameters are monitored continuously
ECXEPT
“Dust”

Minimum of 4 individual 30-minute samples
July 11, 2006
EN 303-5 Test Report Example
“OGC”
“NOx”
“Dust”
July 11, 2006
EN 303-5 Test Method

Passing Grade Varies by:

Boiler “Class”: 1, 2 or 3




July 11, 2006
1 = dirtiest; 3 = cleanest
Boiler Size
Fuel: Biogenic v. Fossil
Stoking: Manual v. Automatic
EN 303-5 Emission Limits
July 11, 2006
EN 303-5 Efficiency Requirement


Measured and calculated similar to ASTM
Varies by size, stoking and boiler class
Feed Method
10kW
200kW
Hand-stoked
Class 3
Hand-stoked
Class 1
73%
83%
53%
62%
July 11, 2006
EN 303-5 vs. ASTM
Europe
North America
Mostly Indoor Boilers
Mostly Outdoor Boilers
Logwood Fuel
4X4
Several Species
Oak
2 Firing Rates
4 Firing rates
4 Discreet PM samples
1 PM sample over entire
test run
July 11, 2006
Europe vs. North America
Pollutant
Modified M-28
Particulates
960-4130 mg/MJ
600-2100 mg/MJ
Advance (Class 3)
Wood Boilerc
a
b
60 mg/MJ
(Austrian Class 3)
EN 303-5
Class 1 Boiler
Class 3 Boiler
CO
25000 mg/m3
150 mg/m3
1750 mg/m3
150 mg/m3
TOC
a.
Intertek Results for “Brian”
b.
Intertek Results for “Rick”
July 11, 2006
Advanced European Small Boiler





Ceramic Lined
Firebox
Downdraft Air
Air Supply
Controlled by
Electronic O2 Sensor
Separate Water
Heat Exchange
Separate Heat
Accumulator
July 11, 2006
HS Tarm Solo Plus
Lamda O2
Controller
Fire Tube
Heat
Exchange
Ceramic Firebox
July 11, 2006
Down Draft
Air
Secondary
Air
HS Tarm
Solo
July 11, 2006
Heiztechnik-Guntamatic
July 11, 2006
How Do We Handel Difference In
Test Methods
Apples and Oranges
or
Macintoshes and Granny Smiths
Before and After cases from European
July 11, 2006
Swedish Boiler Study
Particulate Emissions d
Old-type water-cooled boiler with
up-draught combustion
87 – 2200 mg/MJ
Modern ceramic wood boiler with
down-draught combustion
18 - 89 mg/MJ
d. “Emission characteristics of modern and old-type residential
boilers fired with wood logs and wood pellets”, L.S. Johansson et al. /
Atmospheric Environment 38 (2004) 4183–4195
July 11, 2006
European Particulate
Emission Estimate e
Logwood Hand Stoked Boiler
0.238 kg/GJ
Hand Stoked Class 3 Boiler
0.019 kg/GJ
Removal Efficiency
92%
e. Wood Combustion in Domestic Appliances Prepared in the
Framework of EGTEI, Final background document version 2:
12/10/2005, Prepared by CITEPA, Paris
July 11, 2006
Result of Strict Regulations and
Incentives in Austria


30% of Households Heat with Wood
Logwood Boiler Efficiency Improved



1982 – 61%
2000 – 90%
10,000 Advanced Wood Boiler Installed
Each Year
July 11, 2006
Result of Strict Regulations and
Incentives in Austria
July 11, 2006
AFB-net Newsletter, September, 1998,
www.etsu.com/Europ/AFB/contents.htm
Result of Strict Regulations and
Incentives in Austria
July 11, 2006
AFB-net Newsletter, September, 1998,
www.etsu.com/Europ/AFB/contents.htm
Result of Strict Regulations and
Incentives in Austria

Average Cost of Logwood Heating System
$7,500 U.S. Dollars
energytech.at –Solid Biomass, a Technology Portrait
Vienna, August 2000
July 11, 2006
Future Prospects



Existing Technology Can Improve
Performance and Increase Efficiency
Europe Can Provide A Model For
Industry and Government
Wood Boiler Sales Can Increase While
Emissions Decrease
July 11, 2006